96 THE YEAR-BOOK OP AGRICULTURE. 



ward one. The wings are united to the middle-piece, and secured by a band shrunk on far 

 enough back to make it solid, and to receive a half-inch screw-bolt through the wings and 

 middle piece forward of the band, and the nut turned up snug. The teeth should be made of 

 three-fourths iron, unless the ground on which it is to be used is quite rough and stony ; then 

 perhaps seven-eighths iron should be used ; they should be .about eleven inches long, and the 

 top end should be made dovetailing nearly the thickness of the frame down to a size to receive 

 a burr, and a good screw cut on it, so that when drove the end of the tooth will come the thick- 

 ness of the burr above the frame. The holes should be bored with a bit just the size of the 

 screw on the top of the frame, and the undor side beat out with a chisel, to exactly fit the 

 tooth, but not too large, especially endwise of the wood. Put the tooth in its place ; then 

 place a bar of iron on the end of the tooth, with a small square hole near one end to receive 

 the point, and drive it in firmly with a heavy hammer, striking on the iron bar by the side of 

 the tooth, and occasionally striking the tooth sideways against the grains of the wood, to make 

 it stand firmly in its socket. Then put on a good iron washer, and screw the burr on tight. 

 The harrows are fastened together by two clevises and a link ; the forward clevis clasps the 

 brace and reaches forward, and is attached to the centre piece by the pin. To draw from the 

 middle piece by a common clevis, inclines to lift the forward harrow too much, but it should be 

 used with one similar to the one represented in the cut, placing the draft one and a half inches 

 above the top of the harrow. This causes them to draw flat, or swim fair, as it is sometimes 

 termed, while they hold each other to the work. And by means of the clevis joint, in the 

 middle, they adjust themselves very easily and quickly to an uneven surface of almost any 

 kind, while a sod, or a stone, or an obstruction of almost any kind, can scarcely get more than 

 one wing from the ground at a time. 



It is light of draft, and easily handled or transported, weighing, as mine does, but one hun- 

 dred and sixty pounds, or eighty each. I am satisfied from using it, that it will do more work 

 in passing over the ground once, than any common single harrow that I have seen work, will, 

 with the same number of teeth, in passing over the ground twice. I would not wish to disparage 

 the Geddes harrow ; it is a good one, and a great improvement on the old instruments ; but 

 there are some objections raised against it, some of which I think are obviated in mine. Some 

 of the objections that have been made to it are these : If a sod, or any obstruction, passes 

 under one of the forward wings, it raises both wings on one side till it has passed over; 

 then again when the back wing meets the same obstruction, both wings on that side are again 

 raised until it is passed over by that wing. In passing lengthways of a ridge, the joint in the 

 middle allows it to adjust itself to the shape of the ground very handsomely, but in passing 

 crosswise of ridges or over a hollow, it being stiff longitudinally, it cannot shape itself to the 

 shape of the ground, and can touch only the tops of the ridges. Or if an obstruction passes 

 from the nose under the centre of the harrow, it immediately raises up the middle, causing it 

 to rest on the extreme ends of the wings, while it passes in this position, some five to nine 

 feet, the length of the middle pieces and the obstruction." 



Mr. Hanford does not claim any patent for this form of harrow, but wishes that all should 

 be benefited by its use. 



Ramsay's Flexible Harrow. This invention, by the Messrs. Ramsay, of Strabane, Washing- 

 ton co., Pennsylvania, consists of thr.ee separate harrows or parts, united together by hinges 

 or hooks and eyes in such a way that the implement is entirely flexible, and adapts itself to 

 the inequalities of the ground traversed. The form of the several harrows when united is 

 that of a right-angled triangle, the leading one being about two feet square, and the two hinder 

 ones two feet three inches square, thus affording a sweep of about eight square feet. The 

 teeth are so arranged that no one travels in the track of any preceding it. Among stumps, 

 especially, this harrow will be found convenient, as but a small part of it needs to be lifted at 

 at any one time. 



Hill's Combined Harrow, Roller, and Seed-Planter. 



A PATENT has been recently granted to Daniel Hill, of Harrisville, Indiana, for a machine 

 which combines the harrow, seed-planter, and roller in one and the same construction. The 



