282 THE YEAR-BOOK OF AGRICULTURE. 



plants were pruned at the latter end of March, and in the following July they were again 

 loaded with about six hundred bunches of grapes, many of which were fine and large. The 

 cinnamon-tree also promises well, and may become valuable here as an article of commerce. 

 From one small plant, introduced in 1850-51, we have now some healthy young plants raised, 

 and many more in process of propagation. The mango ,lso promises well. In 1850-51, a 

 young plant was introduced, about one foot in height. It is now a splendid tree, upwards of 

 twelve feet in height. The olives also grow most luxuriantly. They were about a foot high 

 in 1851 ; and the largest of them are now upwards of ten feet in height. At present, how- 

 ever, they have not produced any blossoms and fruit. 



New Mode of Transplanting Trees, 



A MACHINE recently invented in England by Mr. Barrow, and which is highly commended 

 by English authoiities, resembles the common tumbrels for the conveyance of large pieces of 

 timber, with the exception that the load is carried in a perpendicular position, and while in 

 motion oscillates in the same manner as the suspended candlesticks in the cabin of a ship, 

 instead of hanging horizontally between the wheels. Four wheels of large diameter support 

 an oblong stage formed of beams of timber strongly knitted together. Two sets of these 

 beams run lengthwise, parallel with each other, there being an interval of about two feet six 

 inches in width between each set. These are firmly bound together at each extremity by 

 another system of beams resting on the axletree of each pair of wheels, so that an opening 

 of a rectangular parallelogram shape is formed in the centre of the stage. When it is pro- 

 posed to remove a tree, this framework is wheeled up to it, and the transverse bars in front 

 having been temporarily detached, the trunk of the tree is placed within the parallelogram. 

 A square trench, or rather, four trenches of equal length, and at right angles to each other, 

 are then dug, beyond the limit of the roots, and of a depth corresponding to their width. 

 When this is accomplished, the tree is by degrees undermined, and strong planks of deal are, 

 during the progress of that operation, driven from trench to trench, underneath the mass of 

 clay which they enclose. The heads of these planks have chains attached to them, and 

 these again are connected with powerful jacks screws acting on the same principle of com- 

 bination as the common patent corkscrew placed on the stage of the framework, and by the 

 agency of these the whole mass is raised above the level of the earth's surface, when the void 

 occasioned by its removal is filled up, and a way made firm for the passage of the hinder 

 wheels across the chasm. A team of horses is next yoked to the machine, and these trans- 

 port the tree to the site prepared for its reception, into which it is slowly lowered, and thus 

 the operation is completed. 



Experiments on the Effect of Different Methods of Sowing on the Pro- 

 duction of Wheat, 



THE following experimental researches on the effect of different methods of sowing on the 

 production of wheat has been communicated to the American Farmer by Tilghman Golds- 

 borough, Esq~., of Ellenboro', Maryland. Four different methods of sowing wheat were 

 adopted: 1. in drills on a level surface; 2. in drills on a ridged surface, lengthwise the 

 ridges ; 3. broadcast on a level surface ; 4. broadcast in narrow ridges. The field selected 

 for the experiments was of about sixty acres, which in the five-field rotation was that year 

 in clover of one year's growth, succeeding corn. Sixteen breadths, of sixty feet each, and 

 varying in length from six hundred and forty-three to six hundred and eighty-two feet, con- 

 taining an average of about nine-tenths of an acre, were sown with wheat in each of the 

 above modes alternately. There were, therefore, four examples of each method, thus avoid- 

 ing as far as possible any errors arising from unequal fertility in the soil. There was no 

 application of manure or any fertilizing matter, for fear of irregularity in the qitality or 

 rate of such application. All the land in former years had been dressed with shell-marl, 

 and might be considered good land, but not highly fertile. The wheat was of the variety 

 known as the golden-straw or golden-flint, and was sown in drilling at the rate of one and 



