PHIDIAS 



HVJO 



PHILADELPHIA 



throughout their college course. To be chosen 

 for a Phi Beta Kaooa membership is a high 

 scholastic honor. 



Women as well as men may belong. In most 

 colleges and universities annual meetings are 

 held, at which >; re delivered by promi- 



nent persons. The letters K are the 

 initials of the C.ivek words Philosophia Biou 

 iietes (Philosophy the Guide of Life), 

 and the badge is a small gold watch key. 



PHIDIAS ,fid'ias (about 500-423 B.C.), 

 the greatest sculptor of ancient Greece. 

 Those relics of his art that have come 

 down to us are among the noblest speci- 

 mens of sculpture ever produced, unsur- 

 passed in majesty, dignity and beauty. 

 He was bora in Attica and is said to 

 have started his career as a painter. 

 However, he soon turned his attention to 

 sculpture and reached the highest de- 



velopment in his career under the patronage of 

 IVrirles, who commissioned him to execute 

 many of the finest statues to be erected in Ath- 

 ens and to superintend the public works of the 

 city. Among his colossal statues in ivory and 

 gold were the celebrated Zeus at Olympia, the 

 Athena of the Parthenon at Athens, and a 

 statue of Aphrodite at Elis. His most famous 

 bronze works were the Athena on the Acropolis 

 at Athens, noted for its size, and the Lemnian 

 Athena. Phidias, accused of impiety in 

 having wrought his own likeness and that 

 of Pericles on the shield of one of his 

 goddesses, and of theft in appropriating 

 some of the gold destined for her robes, 

 was thrown into prison. There are con- 

 flicting stories as to how he met his 

 death. 



Consult Gardner's Six Greek Sculptors; 

 Powers' The Message of Greek Art. 



.HILADELPHIA, filadcl'fia, the largest 

 city of Pennsylvania, the third largest in the 

 United States and the ninth in size in the 

 world. It was founded in 1682 by William 

 Penn and given its name, which means the 

 city oj brotherly love, by that gentle Quaker 

 who applied in his colonial enterprise the prin- 

 ciple of the Golden Rule. To this day Phila- 

 delphia is the City oj Brotherly Love. In 1910 

 its population was 1,549,008; on January 1, 

 1917, a Federal estimate gave it 1,709,518. 



The site chosen was at the junction of the 

 Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, ninety miles 

 from the Atlantic Ocean and half as far from 

 the mouth of the Delaware, or the head of 

 Delaware Bay. It was Penn's intention that 

 the city should be built along the banks of both 

 rivers and that growth should be back from 

 each river, but for generations the Delaware 

 ' site was preferred, and only within fifty years, 



or thereabouts, has the entire area between the 

 streams been occupied. Philadelphia County 

 extends for over twenty miles along the Dela- 

 ware and for nearly as far the Schuylkill is .its 

 western border ; its northern boundary is irregu- 

 lar. To-day, having reached Germantown, of 

 Revolutionary fame, in its northwestern ex- 

 pansion, and a greater distance north and east, 

 the city is coextensive with the county, al- 

 though in the north there is considerable com- 

 paratively open country. 



The area of Philadelphia is 129.6 square 

 miles. It is ninety miles southwest of New 

 York City, 136 miles from Washington and 

 825 miles from Chicago. Hourly train service 

 connects it with New York. The city is almost 

 exactly on the 40th parallel and is therefore 

 directly east of Columbus, Indianapolis and 

 Denver. It is served by three great railroad 

 systems the Pennsylvania, the Baltimore & 



