PHILAE 



4627 



PHILIP II 



Philadelphia maintained its national politi- 

 cal and financial supremacy until some time 



r 1830. From 1683 to 1799 it was the capi- 

 tal of Pennsylvania, and the capital of the 

 United States from 1790 to 1800. New York 

 forged ahead of its Pennsylvania rival as a 

 money center about midway between 1830 and 

 1840. While engrossed in politics and finance 

 all tl B, it was at the same time notable 



for its literary achievements. The first n 

 paper in America outside of Boston, the Ameri- 

 \V-'kly Mercury, was published in Phila- 

 delphia in 1719; it was the home of The Penn- 



nnia Packet, the first daily newspaper in 

 America, which began its existence in 1784. 

 Here also were published the first American 



;ons of the Bible, in German (1743) and in 



h (1781). 



Karlier than any other section: of the country, 

 Philadelphia raised its voice in opposition to 

 slavery when, in 1688, the Germantown resi- 

 dents protested against the presence and exten- 

 sion of the slave traffic in the United States. 

 The first abolition movement started in this 



. by a convention in 1784; the American 



Anti-Slavery Society was formed here in 1833. 



us in 1854 that the territorial limits of 



nty were made coextensive with Philadel- 

 phia County; eleven villages were united with 

 the city under one great municipal government. 

 In 1876 there was held in the city the Cen- 

 tennial Exposition, commemorating the hun- 

 dredth anniversary of American independence; 

 it was acknowledged the greatest event of the 

 kind up to that time in the history of the 

 world (see CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION). Six years 



r (1882) the city celebrated the two hun- 

 dredth anniversary of the founding of the city, 

 and in 1908 a great pageant was held on the two 

 hundred twenty-fifth anniversary. In 1887 an- 

 ii.it of the signing of the 

 Constitution of the United States, was cele- 

 brated. N.I i 



Consult IVMMd'g Our Phihuh li>hi<i ; 



towns of the Middle States; Repplier's 



Philmh i),h -, (uid the People. 



PHILAE, fi'lr, a small, uninhabited island 



in ' Nile, about five miles soutl 



Asmian, just above the First Cataract. It is a 



. k l.oiin f, , t long and 500 feet broad, 



ami on it stand some of the most interesting 



nun* to be s< ;>t to-day. The build- 



ing of the groat dam on the Nile between As- 



I Mu lac has caused the submersion of 



1 threatens the existence "of the 



ruins, dating from about 570 B.C., which now 



have the appearance of a destroyed Venice. 

 See ASSUAN. 



PHILEMON, fil'cmon. See BAUCIS AND 

 PHILEMON. 



PHILIP, fil'ip, KING. See KING PHILIP. 



PHILIP, THE APOSTLE, one of the twelve dis- 

 ciples of Jesus, a man of Bethsaida, when 

 Andrew and Peter lived. He is recorded as 

 having brought Nathanael to Jesus, and their 

 names are coupled together in the lists of the 

 Twelve. From Jesus' gentle rebuke to Philip 

 at the Last Supper (John XIV, 8-9), it is gath- 

 ered that though he had earnestness and zeal, 

 he lacked deep spiritual insight. Little is known 

 of his later life or work. 



PHILIP, THE EVANGELIST, one of the seven 

 deacons appointed by the early Church in Je- 

 rusalem (Acts VI, 5). He took a liberal stand 

 with regard to the interpretation of Jewish law 

 and was the first to oppose the exclusiveness of 

 the Jewish Christians. He preached in Samaria, 

 baptized the Ethiopian eunuch, and was visit eel 

 by Paul in Caesarea, on the hitter's final jour- 

 ney to Jerusalem. Later traditions of his life 

 are greatly confused with those of Philip, the 

 Apostle. 



PHILIP II (382-336 B.C.), king of Macedonia, 

 the real founder of its greatness. He was the 

 youngest son of Amyntas II, was born at Pel la. 

 and in his youth spent several years as a hos- 

 tage at Thebes. While there he had the oppor- 

 tunity to learn from Epaminondas and Pelopi- 

 das, the two foremost Grecians of the day, 

 much of military science and much about the 

 political status of Greece. In 359 B.C., on the 

 death of his brother Perdiccas, Philip was made 

 regent for the infant heir, Amyntas. but he soon 

 set aside his nephew's claims and made him-, li 

 king. Various claimants to the throne encour- 

 . aged disturbances within the kingdom, while it 

 was threatened from without by the Illynans, 

 Athenians and other enemies; but the young 

 king overthrew the ]: defeated the 



lllyrians, bought off the Athenians, and within 

 two years was established on the tin 



Philip's Aims. His great ambition was. to 

 become master of all Given-; hi-. < -.u, , ; of ag- 

 gression was commenced by at t ark mu tin Gh 

 towns on Ins border. Amphipolis was captured 

 in 357, Pydna and Potidaea in (lie i, 

 and he then took the : town of Cre- 



nide*. which he renamed I'hilippi. and which 

 him control of the rich gold mm. 



'hone submitted, and in 348, 

 Olynthus, to which Athens had sent aid too 

 late. Meanwhile he had advanced as far south 



