PHOCION 



4^43 



PHOENICIA 



PHOCION, jo'shiun (about 402-317 B.C.), an 



Athenian general and statesman, famed as the 

 opponent of Demosthene--. In his youth he was 

 a pupil of Plato. He first came into promi- 

 nence in 376, when he held a subordinate com- 

 mand at the important battle of Naxos, and by 

 the middle of the fourth century B.C. he had 

 ;ne one of the foremost men in Athens. 

 Th" treat question In fore the Athenian people 

 at that tune was that of the relation between 

 Macedonia and the other Greek state.-; De- 

 mo-thenes and other orators thundered against 

 Philip of Macedon and urged Athens to r< 

 him at any cost; Phocion, fully as patriotic, 

 it It that n-i-taiice to the strong power of 

 don would be useless and disastrous, but 

 i- able to convince the people of the 

 wi.-dom of his point of view. Several tunes he 

 in battle against Philip, and wa- 

 alway< able to make better terms with the 

 \vhen they were victorious than 

 anyone else could have done. 



In his old age, he became involved in politi- 

 cal intrigues which compelled him to take ref- 

 uge among the Phocians. They, however, de- 

 livered him up to the Athenians, who forced 

 him to drink poison. Not long afterward, the 

 public temper changing, a statue was raised in 

 hi- honor and public funeral obsequies were 

 bald 



PHOEBE, /. '!>, . a small, grayish-brown bird 



of the flycatcher family, common throughout 



ten North America in summer, and mi- 



:ig in winter to the Gulf .-t tfe I. In Canada 



it i- found in the neighborhood of Montreal 



and ue-tward to 



west Ontario. It 

 takes its name 

 from its monoto- 



ill. "pewit, 



phoebe : pho. be. 

 continu- 

 ou-ly : 



it (he- about in 

 of a habi- 

 tation h stayi 



hou-e- and 



barns, often returning spring after spring fo the 

 same yard to n -t or beams. The 



ne.-t i.- bulky, built of mo. and mud and lined 



u ith ir: l HILT li MI I 



to -i\ 111 numb. : \\hite in color. MMH0- 



times spotted \\ith cinnamon Th. pho.be 



DO m-ect-. which It capture- uli, 

 "ii the winy, and it i> then-fore of b. : 



\\l> NEST 



Say's pho<h< \- a >p cies found \\c-t of the 

 Rocky Mountains. The common phoebe is 

 al.-o known as pewee and as p< wit. The wood 

 pewee (which see) is a different species of fly- 

 catcher. 



PHOENICIA, /, nixh'ia, the fir.-t real! 

 commercial power among nations, i- on. 

 countries of great antiquity. It \\a> a part of 

 the land of Canaan of the Old Te-tament. No- 

 body knows when it had its beginnings, but by 

 1500 B.C. it had 

 had a fairly long 

 history, and its 

 cities then 

 large and pros- 

 perous. It was 

 situated on the 

 extreme ea-tern 

 M edit erranean 

 shore, extending 

 from the Eleu- 

 t h e r u s in the 

 north to Mount 

 Carmel in the 

 south, a distance 

 of nearly 200 

 miles. On the 

 east were the 

 mountains of 



Lebanon, whence 



LOCATl- 'N .MAI' 

 The black area bordering 

 the sea is PhoeniHa. 

 (a) Land of the Hittites 



(d) H.ilistia 



.iM.lali 



. / i Moab 



(//i Ainmon 



came the famous 

 "Cedars of Leba- 

 non." The actual 

 boundaries of this country are a- uncertain a- 

 it- early history, but its inHuen 

 than that of any contemporary po\\ i 



It has always been maintained that th- 

 were not fond of the sea and -could never h a\e 

 become a maritime power; however, the in- 

 habitants of Phoenicia were of Semitic origin 

 and became the leading power of the world. 

 Their commerce was sea-borne from the uUer- 

 mo>t part- of the world then known. Then 

 vessels sought out every available trading po- 

 in the Mediten uu ni and i\n passed the 



it of Gibraltar, sailed north and returned 

 ladinwith tin from the mines of Cornwall. I'.ni:- 

 land. There is a legend coming down from the 



OS that other nations' sailors never \n- 

 r beyond Gibraltar into the unknown 

 >ea ; that they posted the information. 

 //u.x ultra" (no more beyond), and dared not 

 \.ntiire farther foi he monsters of tin- 



but that Phoenician mei. hantmen erased 



the til-t \\nid and ploved the e\|>t tl<v of ol h* I 

 trading field- 



