PHOTOGRAPHY 



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PHOTOGRAPHY 



THE STORY OF 1 

 PHOTOGRAPHY 



HOTOGRAPHY, fotog'rafi. which moans 

 the art of writing with light, has become a fine 

 art that is practiced throughout the world. 

 Photography has been brought to such a degree 

 of perfection that there is scarcely an object in 

 nature that is beyond the reach of the camera. 

 While the more common purposes for which 

 photography is employed are the making of 

 portraits and the reproduction of landscapes, it 

 is of great value in the scientific world. The 

 camera and the telescope have made possible 

 complete charts of the heaven-, in which every 

 star visible is located, and tiny have enabled 

 us to make pictures of the moon and planets 

 that give .in idea of their >trueture. By use 

 of the electric light, objects can be photo- 

 graphed under water, and pictures are now 

 common that show the natural surroundings 

 and movements of fish and other aquatic ani- 

 mal-. By attaching the microscope to the cam- 

 era the wonders of insect life are pictorially 

 recorded. Formerly the naturali.-t hunted wild 

 animals with the rifle and studied the mounted 

 .-penmen-, hut now lie hunt< them with the 

 and photograph- them among their na- 

 tive surroundings so as to show their grn 



Processes. Modem photography includes 

 processes- tip of a sciiHti/d 



o secure the picture, the development of 

 the picture, or making the negati\. . and punt- 

 ing the po.-mve. In photography these proc- 

 eases are known re-pectm-ly u . devcl- 



' and pT 



d plate consists of a 

 <>f glass or celluloid Him. i. M> -MI 

 which I with a Him of gt latin coii- 



a cm position of silver and brnmui*-. 



that is, silver bromide, which i- . \ .Mmgly 

 sensitive to the action of light. The exposure 

 is made by means of the camera (which see). 

 In making the exposure the photographer first 

 secures upon the ground-glass screen of the 

 camera a distinct image of the object. The 

 lines of this picture should be sharp, and all the 

 details should be clearly brought out. The 

 length of the exposure is determined by the 



.-ensitivelie-- of the plate and the strength of 



the light ; the best cameras have attachments 

 that can be adjusted quickly to meet any or- 

 dinary conditions, the exposure being made by 



opening and closing the ,-hutter \->\ means of a 

 rubber-bull) air pre.-smv in the hand of the 

 operator. 



1 > < losing. The plate or film does not .-how 

 the effect of the exposure when taken from the 

 camera, and developing is necessary to bring 

 out the picture. This is usually done in the 

 dark room, which is illuminated hy a lamp 

 whose flame is enclosed in a red- or an oraiige- 

 colon-d glass globe, since the-e ray- will not 

 affect (lie .-<n-it i/eti film. The plate i< placed 

 in a shallow tray containing a .! M l.ipmg fluid, 

 and the tray is gently rocked -o that the fluid 

 may act upon all parts of the film. Th. 



opt r i|i--o|\es the bromide that ha- n 

 acted upon \>\ the light and leave- the -||\ei. 

 which ft. mi- the (lark part- of the picture. 

 longe-t light- ami -hadowB appear lir-t. 

 and the details of the picture follow. Tin- 

 operator mu.-t watch the process carefully, and 



\\hell III, ,|, I. ills of the I'll 1 -Ollllllf 



..tit, the plate should be taken fiorn the solu- 

 tion. wa-hl and pined ill a -olutloJl of hvpo- 

 -ulphlte of -otla and alum, klumn :M H" 



Tin- -..luiM.n .lissolves all the -ih. 



