PINDAR 



1677 



PINE 



brigadier-general; when peac< WM declared he 

 returned to his law practice. Later he was a 

 member of the Constitutional Convention in 

 Philadelphia, and of the convention that framed 

 institution for tin- state of South Carolina. 

 In 1796 he was appointed Tinted States minis- 

 ter to France, and took part in the negotiations 

 with Talleyrand concerning relations between 

 :id the United States. In this connec- 

 tion he is said to have uttered the famous reply 

 to Talleyrand's hint for a bribe, "Millions for 

 rise, but not one cent for tribute. See X Y Z 

 CORRESPONDENCE. 



PIN'DAR (about 522-445 B.C.), the greatest 



of Greek lyric poets. He belonged to a noble 



family and lived at Thebes, in Boeotia. His 



poetry is more representative of Greece as a 



whole than that of any other Greek writer, 



largely because he traveled more widely. Rul- 



;u all parts of Greece sent for him from time 



to time to compose for them poems celebrating 



their own glory or that of their states; and he 



was so much beloved and honored that when 



Alexander the Great razed Thebes to the 



:ul. and all the other houses were de- 



. (1. that of Pindar was left standing. The 



poet Milton notes the honor done his memory 



in these words: 



The great Emathian conqueror bade spare 

 The house of Pindar. 



His style was magnificent, and no translation 

 into a modern language can give an adequate 

 idea of the music of his lines. He was the first 

 Greek writer to proclaim the immortality of the 

 soul and to portray a judgment after death. 

 Many of his lyrics were composed to be sung 

 by a trained chorus of youths and maidens. 

 There are extant, practically entire, four books 

 of triumphal hymns compo>ed in honor of the 

 victories at the Olympian, Pythian and other 

 t Greek games; also various fragments of 

 hymns to the gods, processional odes, dancing 



< Urges and eulogies. 



PINE, the name of about eighty distinct 

 kinds of evergreen cone-bearing trees which are 

 more important to man than any others used 

 for timber. Nearly one-half of this number 

 \merica, from .< circle to the 



,n tains in . <iuator. Tin \ 



be disthu >m the rest of the cone- 



bearing family l>\ the arrangement of their 

 needles, grouped from one to five in 1 

 paperlike ahr.v pines called "soft," be- 



their soft wood. >hed these she 



reach full growth, but the 

 resin h" pines keep them until tin- 



leaves fall. While the trunks are straight and 

 tall, frequently reaching 250 feet, the shapes 

 of the trees vary from round to pyramidal, and 

 the length of the cones, from one to eighteen 

 inches. Although the pines, so useful to man, 

 and so widely distributed, thrive in almost any 

 soil and place, they prefer sandy uplands, and 

 can live but a short time in unusually smoky 

 cities where, it is believed, the gases choke 

 them. 



Species. Among numerous species, the most 

 useful is the stately white pine, growing from 

 Newfoundland south as far as Illinois, in the 

 mountains to Georgia, and in extensive forests 

 in Idaho. This tree is the lumberman's favor- 

 ite, but its popularity has made it scarce, and 

 other woods, chiefly yellow pine, are being used 

 in its place. 



The Georgia, yellow, Southern or long-leaf 

 pine, most important and widely spread of 

 southern timber trees, ranking next to the whitt 

 pine, is found in a belt about 125 miles wide, 

 from Mississippi to Virginia. It may be recog- 

 nized by its orange-brown branches, large cones 

 and needles more than a foot long. From the 

 latter pine wool and an oil much like turpen- 

 tine are obtained. This species, valuable for its 

 resinous products, often grows more than 100 

 feet high. 



The great sugar pine, one of the most impor- 

 tant timber trees on the Pacific coast, some- 

 times called the most beautiful of its family, 

 reaches a height of 220 feet, with a diameter of 

 perhaps ten feet, yielding satiny, golden lumber, 

 used principally for furniture and interior fin- 

 ishing. White sugar crystals form on the wood 

 when it is burned, and from this fact the tree 

 takes its name. Among many other sp< 

 some of those best known are the loblolly, 

 slash or swamp, bull, silver, red and nut. Of 

 Kuropean pines the Scotch and Corsican, or 

 hiat'k. are familiar. 



Pine Industry. The pine industry is one of 

 the greatest, in spite of the fact that metal i- 

 now used for many purposes formerly requiring 

 wood. A few of the hundreds of ways in which 

 pine lumber is utilized an the following: for 

 >hip masts, telegraph pole-, railway ties, frame- 

 works, matches, furniture, shipbuilding, be 

 flooring, bridges and interior lim>hinjs. The 

 largest sawmill in the United States is al Pa- 

 louse, Idaho, its entire output being white 

 him!" r In 1912 this state alone furnished 

 362,759,000 feet of western, or Idaho white, pine, 

 same year yellow pine supplied one-half 

 !.- total output of soft wood lumber. 



