PIPE OF PEACE 





PIRATES AND PIRACY 



ered with bony plates and varies from ri^h 

 inches to three feet in length. Pipefish are 

 found in the warmer seas and are related to 

 the hippocampus (which see). 



PIPE OF PEACE, a name applied to the 

 CALUMET, which see. See also. PIPE, TOBACCO. 



PIP 'IT, or TIT 'LARK, a small American 

 song bird, about seven inches in length and of 

 quiet, brownish plumage. It frequents open 

 tracts and is rasily nrognized by its graceful 

 walk and its habit of wagging its tail. Because 

 of this habit it is grouped with the family of 

 warblers known as the wagtails, but it also has 

 a delightful habit of the larks, that of singing 

 while on the wing. It is found throughout North 

 :ica. wintering in the Gulf states, Mexico 

 and Central America. Its favorite nesting ground 

 tbrador. Its nest, built of grasses, is placed 

 on the ground, and the eggs, four to six in num- 

 ber, are grayish-white or bluish-white in color, 

 thickly speckled with dark brown. Species of 

 titlarks are found in most parts of the eastern 

 hemisphere. 



PIPPIN, pip' in. See PEPIN. 



PIQUA, pik 1 wa, OHIO, in Miami County, an 

 industrial city in the west-central part of the 

 .-tate, seventy-two miles northwest of Colum- 

 bus and twenty-cox miles northwest of Dayton. 

 It is on the Great Miami River and the Miami 

 & Erie Canal, and is served by the Cincinnati, 

 Hamilton & Dayton Railroad and the Penn- 

 sylvania Lines. Electric interurban lines extend 

 to cities north and south. In 1910 the popu- 

 lation was 13,388; in 1916 it was 14,152 (Federal 

 estimate). The area of the city is four square 

 miles. 



The industrial importance of Piqua is due 

 to the water power obtained from the river. 

 The city has sheet-steel mills, iron works and 

 manufactories of stoves and ranges, furniture, 

 handles, shovels and tools and underwear. Fea- 

 turcs of note are Fountain Park, a Federal 

 building, erected in 1915 at a cost of $135,000, 

 a Y. M. C. A. building, the Schmidlapp Free 

 School Library and Ball Memorial Hospital. 



PIQUET, pe kef , or pik' et, a game of cards, 

 played by two persons, with a deck from which 

 all spot cards between the ace and seven-spot 

 cards have been removed. The game is gener- 

 ally for 100 points. The players draw for first 

 deal, high winning. The deck is shuffled and 

 cut in the usual way, and is dealt two cards at 

 a time, until each player has twelve cards, the 

 remaining cards constituting the stack from 

 which discarded cards are replaced. The non- 

 dealer may discard five cards, but he must dis- 



card one; the dealer, in his turn, may discard 

 three, but he is required to discard one. Play- 

 ers must take from the stack as many cards as 

 they discard. The rules for counting are com- 

 plicated. 



Before discarding, if either player discovers 

 he has nothing but spot cards in his hand, he 

 can claim carte blanche and score 10. The one 

 who has the greatest number of cards in a suit 

 claims points, and scores 1 for each card in his 

 suit; .s'< qucnce is the greatest number of cards 

 in regular succession (as 7-8-9-10, etc.) and 

 counts 10 more than the number of cards in the 

 sequence; 4 cards of a kind (as 4 kings) or 3 

 of a kind, count 1 for each card. In playing, 

 the leader of each trick counts 1 for his card, 

 the winner of the trick also counts 1, the win- 

 ner of the last trick counts 2; the player who 

 succeeds in winning more than six tricks counts 

 10 for cards; if a player wins all the tricks, he 

 wins a capot, which counts him 30 additional. 

 Special and complicated rules govern the win- 

 ning of a pique, 30 points, and a repique, 60 

 points. See CARDS, PLAYING. 



Consult Hoyle's Games. 



PIRAEUS, pi re 'us, the port of the city of 

 Athens, Greece, famed in ancient times as a 

 magnificent city, one of the master works of the 

 age of Pericles (which see). It was built in 

 493 B. c., was connected with Athens by the fa- 

 mous Long Walls, and was destroyed in 86 B. c. 

 At present it is a modern city, situated about 

 five miles southwest of Athens, has three ex- 

 cellent harbors, and next to Syra is the larg- 

 est port in Greece. It is a port of call of va- 

 rious steamship lines, consequently is in direct 

 communication with Trieste, Constantinople, 

 Smyrna, Marseilles and Alexandria. Over one- 

 half of the foreign trade of Greece passes 

 through Piraeus. The manufactures are tex- 

 tiles, leather, liquors and macaroni. Popula- 

 tion, about 50,000. 



PI 'RATES AND PIRACY, pi'rasi. In the 

 days when piracy flourished pirates were the 

 freebooters of the seas, corresponding to ban- 

 dits on land. They owed allegiance to no ban- 

 ner but their own the black flag. Their reck- 

 lessness and cruelty have been told in countless 

 stories of adventure, nowhere more thrillingly 

 than in Stevenson's Treasure Island. Piracy is 

 a crime punishable by death, in international 

 law, and it has been banished from the seas, 

 for the ships of strong nations have become the 

 police force of the world. No advanced civi- 

 lized nation of modem times has countenanced 

 acts of piracy, but early in the nineteenth cen- 



