PITTSBURGH 



Kiss 



PITTSBURGH 



SMOKY CITY. Recently, however, a Bureau of 

 Smoke Regulation was established in the city 

 Department of Health, and as a result of the 

 campaign begun the smoke has been materially 

 reduced. Through the dea-e mass of buildings 

 is woven a network of railroads, and the n 

 made navigable by dams, seem to be moving 

 ims of coal, iron ore and various kinds of 

 somber-looking freight. Back of the manufac- 

 turing center is the business section the office 

 buildings, banks, and wholesale and retail ho 



The most attractive residmtial places are in 

 the east end of the city, on the hills overlook- 

 ing the Allegheny River from the north and 

 the Monongahela River from the south. The 

 entire city is piped for natural gas which is 

 used for domestic fuel and almost entirely sup- 

 plants artificial gas for light. In 1910 the popu- 

 lation was 533,905; in 1916 it was 579,090 (Fed- 

 eral estimate), making the city eighth in rank 

 among the cities of the United States (see 

 CITY, for tables). Germans, Irish and Italians 

 are the most numerous among the foreign born, 

 and with other races comprise about one- 

 fourth of the entire population. The city cov- 

 ers an area of nearly thirty-nine square miles. 



Parks and Boulevards. All efforts to beautify 

 the city are concentrated in the residential. sec- 

 tions and in the suburbs, since little can be 

 done in the manufacturing districts along the 

 river. Schenley Park comprises more than 400 

 acres and is one of the most beautiful parks in 

 the Union; it was the gift of Mrs. Mary E. 

 Schenley, of London, England, a native of Pitts- 

 burgh. The park contains the Phipps Conserva- 

 tory and the Hall of Botany, the gifts of Henry 

 Phipps; the Carnegie Institute and Library, a 

 music pavilion, a race track, several fine bridges, 

 and statues of E. M. Bigelow, Col. Alexander 

 L. Hawkins, a hero of the Spanish-American 

 War, and Robert Burns. Its flower conserva- 

 tories are among the largest in the United 

 States. Picturesque Highland Park, overlook- 

 ing the Allegheny River, which comprises more 

 than 360 acres, has an attractive entrance and 

 contains a zoological garden, three shelter 

 houses and fine statues, of which the most no- 

 table is that of Stephen Collins Foster. These 

 two parks, which are the largest in the city, 

 are connected by boulevards. 



There are many smaller recreation grounds, 

 of which Riverview, Herron Hill, McKinley, 

 Lawrence, Grandview and West End parks are 

 the most notable; altogether these recreation 

 grounds cover more than 1,300 acres. Thomas 

 Boulevard, Morewood, Ellsworth, North High- 



land and Amberson avenues, and the eastern 

 parts of Fifth and Penn avenues, are some of 

 the more exclusive residential districts, and 

 costly residences may be seen in Squirrel Hill, 

 Shadysidc, Homewood, Bellefield and East Lib- 

 erty districts. South Hills and Schenley Farms 

 have been recently opened as residential sec- 

 tions. Oliver, Fifth and Liberty avenues, and 

 Wood, Smithfield, Federal and Diamond >nvets 

 are the principal thoroughfares, and Fourth 

 Avenue is the Wall Street of Pittsburgh. 



THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT 



(1) O'Hara (10) Collier 



(2) Shaler (11) Scott 



(3) Ross (12) Baldwin 



(4) Kilbuck (13) Miflin 



(5) Kennedy (14) Versailles 



(6) Stowe (15) Braddock 

 '(7) Robinson (16) Wilkins 



(8) Chartiers (17) Penn 



(9) Union 



Education. The most notable of the city's 

 public institutions are the Carnegie Library and 

 the Carnegie Institute, in Schenley Park, which 

 were established by a gift of $10,000,000 from 

 Andrew Carnegie, in 1895. The institute con- 

 sists of an Institute of Technology, the Gallery 

 of Fine Arts and the Museum of Science, both 

 of the latter being housed in the Central Li- 

 brary building. The library contains about 425,- 

 000 volumes. The Carnegie Free Library of 

 Allegheny is a separate foundation, which has 

 an annual appropriation from Pittsburgh. For 

 higher education the city has the University of 

 Pittsburgh, formerly the Western University of 

 Pennsylvania, founded in 1787; the Pennsyl- 

 vania College for Women; Duquesne Univer- 

 sity, formerly the College of the Holy Ghost 

 (Roman Catholic) ; the theological seminaries 

 of the Presbyterian, United Presbyterian and 

 Reformed Presbyterian churches; Pittsburgh, 

 East Liberty and Shadyside academies,, and 

 other institutions. There are many modem, 

 well-equipped public kindergartens. 



