POLK 



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POLK 



rebellion was an unreasonable outburst. More 

 moderate Reformers, including Baldwin and 

 Lafontaine, gradually drew away from the radi- 

 cals, and by 1849 new party alignments were 

 clear. The Baldwin Reformers were gradually 

 absorbed by the Liberal-Conservative party, 

 later known merely as the Conservative party, 

 of which Sir John A. Macdonald was the leader. 

 The Con- . on the other hand, also dis- 



placed or absorbed the reactionary Tories. 



een 1850 and 1867 there were two pow- 

 erful minor parties, the "Clear Grits" in Upper 

 Canada, and the Rouges ("Reds"), or Parti 

 Rouge, in Lower Canada. These were both 

 radical parties, and in a general way had simi- 

 lar aims. The Rouges, however, went farther 

 than the Clear Grits in demanding the repeal 

 of the Act of Union of 1841. Among the lead- 

 ers of the Rouges were Papineau and A. A. 

 Dorion; These minor parties disappeared from 

 with the coming of Confederation, and 

 since 1867 there have been only the two great 

 parties, the Conservative and the Liberal. 

 There was also in Quebec the French Nation- 

 alist party, which was powerful in the province 

 and exercised a considerable influence in Do- 

 minion affairs, but it did not attain the rank 



of a national political party. In matters of 

 principles, broad distinctions between the Lib- 

 erals and Conservatives are difficult to make, 

 although the former are more inclined toward 

 a support of provincial privileges and commer- 

 cial reciprocity, while the latter advocated fed- 

 eralism and a preferential tariff for all part.- of 

 the British Empire. W.F.Z. 



For further details, see CANADA, subtitle I UN tori/ 

 of Canada, also subhead History under each of the 

 provinces, and biographies of leading statesmen. 

 Consult Macy's Political Organisation and Ma- 

 chinery; Belloc's The Party System (English) ; 

 Sloane's Party Government in the United States 

 of America. 



Related Subjects. The following articles in 

 these volumes should be consulted in this connec- 

 tion : 



Abolitionists 

 Anti-Federalists 

 Conservative 

 Constitutional Union 



Party 



Democratic Party 

 Federalist Party 

 Free-Soil Party 

 Greenback Party 

 Know-Nothings 

 Liberal Republican 



Party 



Liberal Party 



Liberty Party 



Loco-Foco 



Nihilists and Nihilism 



Populist Party 



Progressive Party 



Prohibition Party 



Republican Party 



Social Democrats 



Socialism 



Tory 



Whig 



Tomb, at Nashville, Tenn. 



.OLK, pohk, JAMES KNOX (1795-1849), an 

 American statesman who was chosen to be the 

 eleventh President of the United States. His 

 administration is one of the most noteworthy 

 in American history, because of the Texas and 

 Oregon questions and their solutions. The 

 Texas question developed the Mexican War 



and annexation of the state to the United 

 States ; the Oregon matter ended in addition of 

 territory in a peaceful manner. Folk's attitude 

 towards these questions was largely responsible 

 for his nomination and election to the Presi- 

 dency, and the solutions reached were largely 

 his work. 



