PORTUGAL 



47S3 



PORTUGAL 





A Country Home in 



Southern Portugal 



treaties with England 

 were made; the navy 

 was founded and schools 

 were established. Dur- 

 ing the rule of the suc- 

 ceeding kings, Alfonso 

 IV and Pedro I, the 

 court had grown pow- 

 erful and corrupt, and 

 when Ferdinand came to 

 the throne in 1367 the 

 monarchy had reached 

 a crisis, but he over- 

 came internal difficul- 

 ties and spent the six- 

 teen years of his reign 

 in \v:ir with Spain. 



Expansion by Ex- 

 ploration. At his death, 



Carrying Grapes to Market 



rapid decline during the reign of John III. The 

 Inquisition stamped out the revival spirit; the 

 who possessed the wealth of Portugal, were 

 expelled; prestige was lost in India and Africa, 

 and the kingdom was weakened at home by in- 

 creased emigration. In 1580, Phillip II of Spain 

 became King of Portugal. During the period of 

 Spanish rule, the English, Dutch and French at- 

 tacked the Portuguese colonies, and the Spanish 

 held the lands and offices at home. This condi- 

 tion had lasted sixty years when the Duke of 

 Braganza expelled the Spanish, and was crowned 

 king as John IV, the first king of the house of 

 Braganza. 



During the reigns of Alfonso VI, Pedro II and 

 John V which ensued, Portugal's foreign relations, 

 especially those with England, were strength- 

 ened. In 1703, the Menthen Treaty, between 

 Portugal and England, 

 was signed. This treaty 

 established Portugal's 

 wine trade, and by ad- 

 mitting English manu- 

 factured goods free it 

 caused the decline of 

 Portugal's manufactur- 

 ing industry. The reign 

 of Joseph I (1750-1777) 

 was one of much-needed 

 reform and progress, but 

 at this time occurred 

 the depressing incident 

 of the great earthquake 

 at Lisbon in which 40,- 

 000 perished. 



At the time of the 

 French Revolution, Por- 



}) cortez chose John I as king. His n-imi. with 



those of his three successors, Edward, Alfonso V 



and John II, is noteworthy for great explorations 



the New World, with South America as the 



Under the patronage of Prince 



the X:i\ itr.-itor. M <1 Porto Santo 



red in 1418; during tho years from 



> 11".'. Ilaldaya, Tristam, Dias and Cada- 



moeto explored the western coast of Africa; in 



1462, the Cape Verde Islands were discovered 



r.oimz found the Gold Coast in 



1 '''<''; Dias sailed around the Cape of 



i>w years later Vaaco da 



i'l the Cape route to India, and Brar.l 



was added to Portugal's possessions. 



under Manuel "the 



!'".!. -,54), but this age of luxury, 



abac! ire was followed by a 



A Characterist ic "Farm Mouse 

 in Northern Portugal 



