PORTUGAL 



47S4 



PORTUGAL 



Outline and Questions 

 on Portugal 



I. Posit i. m and SIxe 

 (1) Latitude, 37 to 42' north 

 1 ' Lontfl to 9 30' \ 



'art of Iberian pi-nir, 



i :i i Actual, ::V ' 90 s.maiv miles 



(b) Comparative 



( 1 ) 



II. 



Coast line 



> Varied character 

 (b) Length, nearly 500 miles 

 ures 



Mountains 



llcys 



(4) Climate 



III. Industries mid Commerce 



(1) Limited mining operations 

 u'riculture 



Vine growing 

 (b) Other phases 

 Manufacturing 



( 4 ) Transportation 



( 5 ) Commerce 



I V . The People and Their Condition 



(1) Population 



(2) Resemblances to Spaniards 



(3) Absence of beggars 



( 4 > Language and literature 



(5) Religion 



(6) Education 



( 7 ) Government 



(a) Republican in form 



(b) Departments 



(c) Colonies 



V. History 



( 1 ) Earliest years 



The glorious age of discovery 



(3) The decline 



(4) Relations to other countries 



(5) Revolution and establishment 



republic 



(6) The War of the Nations 



of 



Questions 



Why did Portugal lose favor as a 

 winter resort? 



If Portugal's colonies were as thickly 

 populated as the mother country, what 

 would their combined population be? 



What state in the United States does 

 Portugal most closely resemble in *;/.<? 

 How do the two compare in population? 



How do the Portuguese differ from 

 tin ir Spanish neighbors? 



Which has the higher mountain peak, 

 Si'iiin or Portugal? 



What famous product is named for 

 Portugal's chief seaport? 



Why do we see no Portuguese olives 

 on the market? 



How do the people travel In the rural 

 distrli 



How did a great Spanish writer de- 

 scribe the Portuguese language? 



For what is the warmest city in Por- 

 tugal noted? 



Name three famous Portuguese 

 gators and tell what they discovered? 



What was the immediate cau?e of the 

 revolution by which the republic was 

 established? 





tugal was again drawn into war, through its al- 

 liance with England. In 1807, French forces 

 occupied Lisbon, and Junot set up a military 

 government. England sent aid to Portugal un- 

 der Arthur \Yelle>ley, who routed the French 

 at the battle of Vimciro, in 1838. John VI, the 

 former regent, who had fled to Brazil, returned 

 and became king under a new constitution, 

 adopted in 1820. After the death of John VI, 

 a period of civil strife followed, and republican 

 feeling was continually growing stronger. New 

 constitutions were adopted and during the 

 reign of Pedro V (1855-1861) there was a great 

 revival of national spirit. Railroads, telegraphs 

 and the school system were improved and ex- 

 tended. As a result of the plague in Lisbon in 

 1861, in which the king died, much-needed sani- 

 tary reforms were accomplished. 



When Carlos I succeeded his father in 1861, 

 more changes in the government were neces- 

 sary. The public debt was enormous and was 

 steadily increasing. Foreign legations were 

 abolished, and monopolies were granted the 

 government in an effort to reduce the debt. 

 The kingdom faced bankruptcy. Serious up- 

 risings and strikes aroused the country to pro- 

 test against Franco, the Prime Minister, who 

 had assumed a dictatorship. The crisis came 

 when the king signed a decree by which any 

 political offender could be transported to 

 Africa. The next day, February 2, 1908, King 

 Carlos and the crown prince were assassinated 

 in the streets of Lisbon. 



Manuel II, the second son of Carlos, tried 

 to establish a truly representative government, 

 but party struggles had progressed too far. 

 The Republican party gained a large majority, 

 causing the fall of the monarchy in October, 

 1910. The royal palace was shelled, and 

 Manuel fled from Portugal, taking refuge in 

 England, which thereafter was his home. In 

 this revolution the whole death roll did not 

 exceed a hundred persons. 



A provisional government was established, 

 and the present constitution was adopted one 

 year later. 



In the War of the Nations. Portugal early 

 showed its sympathies in the War of the Na- 

 tions, which convulsed Europe in the summer 

 of 1914. By treaty with Great Britain it was 

 bound to furnish 10,000 troops whenever that 

 nation, in war, required it. Before the close of 

 1914 Portuguese troops attacked German colo- 

 nies in Africa to safeguard its own possessions, 

 but made no further hostile move until Febru- 

 ary, 1916, when it confiscated forty-four Ger- 



