POULTRY 



4802 



POUTRINCOURT 



weakling and the propagation of strong, vig- 

 orous fowls. The important points of differ- 

 ence between a fowl of weak constitution and 

 a vigorous one are shown in the diagram on 

 page 4831. Within recent years the science of 

 artificial hatching has been brought to a high 

 degree of excellence. This subject is treated 

 in these volumes under the heading INCUBATOR. 

 Food Values. Chicken meat is universally 

 esteemed for its delightful flavor. Another 

 point in its favor is its attractive appearance, 

 for chicken "looks good to eat," whether 

 broiled, fried, roasted or stewed. As it is easily 

 digested it is an excellent food, both for healthy 

 persons and for invalids. The meat of young 

 chickens, called broilers, has less fat in its com- 



AN EGG LAYER'S BALANCED RATION 

 position than that of older fowls, but it is con- 

 sidered more delicate in flavor. The average 

 composition of broilers and fowls is as follows : 



Broilers have a fuel value of 305 calories (see 

 CALORIE) per pound, and fowls, of 765 calories. 



Consult Robinson's Principles and Practice of 

 Poultry Culture; Weir's The Poultry Book; Wat- 

 son's Farm Poultry; Lewis' Productive Poultry 

 Industry; Dryden's Poultry Breeding and Man- 

 agement; United States Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Bulletins 29, SI and 51. 



Related Subject*. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Cookery Goose 



Duck Guinea Fowl 



Egg Incubator 



Food Products, Pheasant 



Preservation of Turkey 



Fowl 



POUND, a unit of weight for measuring 

 many commodities. There are three denomi- 

 nations apothecaries', avoirdupois and troy. 

 The pound avoirdupois contains 7,000 grains 

 and is divided into sixteen ounces. The troy 

 and apothecaries' pounds contain 5,760 grains 

 each and are divided into twelve ounces (see 

 table in the article DENOMINATE NUMBERS, 

 page 1765). The grain is the basis of computa- 

 tion in all three denominations and does not 

 itself vary. The pound sterling, the highest 

 denomination used in British money accounts, 

 is equal to twenty shillings. It is equivalent 

 to $4.8665 in United States money; to 25.175 

 French francs, Spanish pesetas or Italian lira; 

 and to 20.412 German marks. The pound ster- 

 ling received its name from originally being 

 equal to a quantity of silver weighing one 

 pound. 



POUSSIN, poosaN', NICOLAS (1594-1665), a 

 French historical painter, the founder of what 

 has been called the Heroic school of landscape 

 painting. He was born at Les Andelys, in Nor- 

 mandy, of very poor parentage. .Not until he 

 was thirty years of age was he enabled to fulfil 

 a Lfelong ambition to study at Rome. There 

 he won fame and fortune. The French king, 

 Louis XIII, upon learning of the success of the 

 absent artist, invited him to return to his na- 

 tive land, offering him palatial apartments in 

 the Louvre and making him his "first painter 

 in ordinary." But Poussin was a man of sim- 

 ple habits to whom the gilded court Lfe had no 

 appeal. Finally, unable to endure the intrigues 

 against him, he returned to Rome, where he re- 

 mained for the rest of his Lfe. The finest collec- 

 tions of his paintings are found in the Louvre, 

 the National Gallery, London, and in private 

 English collections. Among his most impor- 

 tant canvases are The Shepherds of Arcady, 

 Orpheus and Eurydice and Triumph of Flora. 



POUTRINCOURT, poo IraN coor' , JEAN DB 

 BIENCOURT, Baron de (1557-1615), a French 

 colonizer, one of the founders of Acadia. He 

 was a wealthy nobleman of Picardy, who came 

 to Canada in 1603 in the company of the Sieur 

 de Monts, and a year later was given the grant 

 of Port Royal. Instead of building up his 

 colony he devoted most of his energies to trad- 

 ing with the Indians. In 1606 he fortified Port 

 Royal, but he immediately left it to join 

 Champlain on an exploring expedition, which 

 reached the site of the present town of Chat- 

 ham, Ont. His colony finally fell into the hands 

 of the English, who abandoned it in 1614. Pou- 

 trincourt, who had been in France since 1612, 



