PUNIC WARS 



PUNTA ARENAS 



do by careless writers, for a slovenly style re- 

 sults. 



Quotation Marks. (1) Quotation marks (" "), 

 as the name indicates, set off citations of a pas- 

 sage in the words of the author. In printed 

 works, if such a passage is in smaller type, no 

 quotation marks are necessary if author's name 

 is given, nor are these signs used in indirect 

 quotations, as: He said he would be glad to go. 



(2) A technical, unusual or ironic word or 

 phrase in the midst of reading matter is often 

 set off with quotation marks: You will have to 

 make an "insert" of that. The so-called "head 

 of the house" is not allowed to call his soul his 

 own. 



(3) A quotation within a quotation calls 

 for single quotation marks: "He cried, 'I am 

 ready.' " If a long quotation embraces several 

 successive paragraphs, the quotation marks ap- 

 pear only at the beginning of each paragraph 

 and at the end of the concluding paragraph. 



Parentheses. Parentheses ( ) are used to 

 enclose words, phrases or clauses thrown into 

 the midst of a sentence to explain or to in- 

 troduce some thought or suggestion that is 

 really not essential to the course of the argu- 

 ment : "You say (I believe I caught your mean- 

 ing correctly) that you will have no part in the 

 movement." Such distinct breaks, if they oc- 

 cur in any number, are a sign of a careless 

 style; lesser breaks can be as well set off by 

 dashes or even by commas. A.MC c. 



Consult Perry's Punctuation Primer. 



PUNIC, pu'nik, WARS, the name given in 

 ancient history to three struggles between 

 Rome and Carthage. The name Punic was 

 given by the Romans to the Carthaginians be- 

 cause of their Phoenician origin. The first of 

 these wars lasted from 264 to 241 B.C., the 

 second from 218 to 201 B. c., and the third from 

 149 to 146 B.C. The Romans were victorious 

 in all three, in the first gaining possession of 

 a part of Sicily which had previously belonged 

 to Carthage, in the second winning Spain, and 

 in the third utterly overthrowing the Cartha- 

 ginians and destroying their city. By this last 

 achievement Rome became supreme mistress 

 of the world. 



Related Subject*. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Carthage Regulus, Marcus 



Ham Hear Barca Rome 



Hannibal . Scipio 



PUNJAB, pun' jahb, a province in the north- 

 western part of British India, consisting chiefly 

 of a vast plain sloping gradually southward 



from the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains. 

 The name is the Hindu word for five rivers, 

 and has reference to five streams which drain 

 the region and pour their united waters into 

 the Indus River by way of the Punjnad. The 

 province has a total area of 136,330 square 

 miles, 99,779 square miles of which are under a 

 British governor; the remaining territory is 

 divided into a number of native states, but all 

 of these are sub- 

 ject to British au- 

 thority. In 1911 

 the native states 

 had a population 

 of 4,212,794; the 

 British province, 



ylon 



LOCATION MAP 



a- population of 

 19,974,956 (10,- 

 000,000 Moham- 

 medans, 6,500,000 

 Hindus, 2,000,000 

 Sikhs). Lahore, 

 with a population 

 of 228,687, is the 

 capital of the 

 province; the next largest cities are Amritsar 

 (152,576) and Multan (99,243). 



Agriculture is the most important industry 

 in the Punjab, this province having a larger 

 area under irrigation (about 11,600,000 acres) 

 than any other of the British divisions. This 

 region is the most important wheat-growing 

 section in India. Other crops of commercial 

 value are millet, maize, barley, oil seeds, sugar 

 cane and cotton. Over three-fifths of all the 

 camels in British India are found in the Punjab, 

 which contains large desert areas, particularly 

 in the southern part. See INDIA. 



PUNTA ARENAS, poon' tah ahra'nahs, the 

 most southern city in the world, almost pa- 

 thetic in its loneliness and its distance from 

 other cities. It is situated on the Strait of 

 Magellan, at the south end of the continent 

 of South America, being the capital of the 

 Chilean territory of Magallanes. It is in lati- 

 tude 53 10' south and is 1,414 miles from 

 Valparaiso, Chile, 3,928 miles from Panama, 

 4,036 miles from Cape Town, South Africa, and 

 6,184 miles from San Francisco. It is 2,233 

 miles from Punta Arenas to Rio de Janeiro, 

 and, by way of the latter port, 7,430 miles to 

 London, 7,400 miles to New Orleans and 6,980 

 miles to New York. 



Punta Arenas has been important chiefly as 

 a coaling station for steamships, though its seal 

 fisheries have considerable value. The city was 



