PUNXSUTAWNEY 



4873 



PURITANS 



founded in 1849, on the site of a former penal 

 colony. With muddy streets, ox teams and 

 log or frame houses, it resembles a frontier town 

 of North America in the middle of the nine- 

 teenth century. It has many foreigners en- 



LOCATION MAP 



gaged in sheep raising, farming and lumber- 

 ing. The city is ambitious, and has banks, 

 stores and a good theater. In 1915 it had 

 10,500 inhabitants, more than 1,000 less than 

 it had in 1907. 



PUNXSUTAWNEY, pungksoo taw'ni, PA., 

 the business center of a noted bituminous coal 

 region, is situated in Jefferson County, about 

 midway between the geographical center and 

 the western border of the state, and on Maho- 

 ning Creek. Altoona is forty-five miles south- 

 east and Pittsburgh is 106 miles southwest. 

 Transportation is provided by the Pennsylvania 

 and the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh rail- 

 roads, and electric lines communicate with 

 cities and towns northeast. Punxsutawney is 

 the headquarters of some of the largest bitumi- 

 nous coal and coke interests in the United 

 States. There are also iron works, foundries, 

 machine shops, glass works and silk mills, 

 xsutawney was organized as a borough in 

 1849. Since 1907, when it was consolidated and 

 incorporated with the borough of Clayville, it 

 has been known locally as Greater Punxsm 

 ney. The name, which signifies Mosquito 

 Town, was taken from the Indian word p<> 

 meaning blood-sucking insect. In 1910 tin 

 population of Greater Punxsutawney was 9,058 ; 

 in 1916 it was 10,511 (Federal estimate). The 

 borough is three and one-half square miles in 



PU'PA, the name applied to an insect when 

 it is in the resting stage of its development, just 

 before it becomes a fully-developed specimen. 

 In the case of the butterfly, for instance, during 

 the pupal stage the animal is enclosed in a 

 cocoon. See COCOON; INSECT, subhead The 

 Developing Insect; METAMORPHOSIS, subhead 

 The Pupa. 



PURDUE' UNIVERSITY, established in 

 1869 at Lafayette, Ind., is one of two univer- 

 sities supported by the state of Indiana. The 

 other is Indiana University (which see), at 

 Bloomington. Purdue University is primarily 

 an institute of technology, and is organized 

 into schools of mechanical, civil, electrical and 

 chemical engineering, agriculture, science and 

 pharmacy. It admits women to all courses. 

 Founded under the Federal land grant act of 

 1862, the institution was named for John Pur- 

 due, who gave 100 acres of land and $150,000 

 as an endowment. Regular sessions were be- 

 gun in 1874. The university campus and farm 

 cover 279 acres, and the total value of all 

 property approaches $2,000,000. The faculty 

 numbers about 210 and the student body, over 

 2,000. The university library contains 50,000 

 volumes. 



PURE-FOOD LAWS. See ADULTERATION OF 

 FOODSTUFFS AND CLOTHING. 



PURGATORY, pur ' ga tori, according to the 

 belief of the Roman Catholic Church, is a 

 state in which the souls of persons dying re- 

 pentant suffer the expiation of their sins before 

 being allowed admission into heaven. It is be- 

 lieved that these sufferings are lessened by the 

 offering of prayers and masses. The doctrine 

 of purgatory was first suggested by the Church 

 fathers in the third century, and was established 

 by Gregory the Great in 604 as a regular 

 dogma of the Church. 



PURITANS, pu'ri taw. This is one of those 

 names which, given in derision, have come to 

 be badges of honor to those who have borne 

 them. If the name and the work of the Puri- 

 tans were omitted from English and American 

 history, the talc would lack much of its vital, 

 soul-stirring quality; if the traits of the Puri- 

 tans were eliminated from English and Ameri- 

 can character, tint character would lack many 

 of its most admirable traits. Later centuries 

 given the credit for love of freedom and 

 of Protestantism even democracy itself to 

 those serious, earnest men who in their own day 

 were looked upon as fanatics whose sole aim 

 was to make the world not better, but more 

 unhappy. 



