QUEBEC 



laws of the Church or the customs of society 

 at his peril. The people are industrious, thrifty 

 and fun-loving. Among them dishonesty, pov- 

 erty and vice are scarcely known. French is 

 the language of the land, and English is sel- 

 dom heard except in the larger towns. In the 

 <>rn part of Montreal, and in the region 

 lying between the Richelieu and Saint Law- 

 rence rivers and the New England states, 

 known as the Eastern Townships, the great 

 majority of the inhabitants are of English and 

 Scotch descent. The habits of life and social 

 customs in this region closely resemble those 

 of the Northern New England states. The 

 region was originally settled by people from 

 the English colonies who sided with England in 

 the Revolutionary War. In general, the Eng- 

 lish people control the great financial enter- 

 prises of the province, but in numbers they 

 are only thirteen per cent of the population of 

 the province. The total population of Quebec 

 was 2,003,232 in 1911. 



Religion. About six-sevenths of the people 

 are communicants of the Roman Catholic 

 Church. The Protestant denominations in or- 

 der of their membership are the Anglican 

 (Episcopal), Presbyterian, Methodist and Lu- 

 theran. 



Surface and Scenery. According to surface, 

 Quebec is naturally divided into three regions 

 the plateau north of the Saint Lawrence, the 

 long, level plain bordering the river on the 

 south, and the region crossed by the Notre 

 Dame Mountains and comprising the south- 

 eastern counties. The plateau north of the 

 Saint Lawrence occupies by far the largest of 

 these regions. On it the Laurentian Moun- 

 tains rise here and there, but nowhere attain a 

 high altitude. The outcroppings of these 

 mountains form the bold bluffs bordering the 

 river on the north and reaching their greatest 

 height in Cap Tourmente (2,000 feet) below 

 Quebec. A height of land separating the riv- 

 ers flowing into the Saint Lawrence from those 

 flowing into Hudson Bay crosses this plateau in 

 an irregular line from east to west. That por- 

 tion of the plateau immediately north of the 

 Ottawa River is a beautiful region of valleys, 

 streams and wooded hills. 



The lowland bordering on the Saint Law- 

 rence is nearly level, but it is crossed by a 

 number of isolated peaks extending from north 

 to south and known as the Montenegrin Hills. 

 The region crossed by the Notre Dame Moun- 

 tains, which are an extension of the Appa- 

 lachian System, is rolling and hilly and in some 



LOCATION MAP 

 The illustration shows the 

 size of Quebec in comparison 

 with the other provinces, and 

 the proportion of the Domin- 

 ion it occupies. 



QUEBEC 



places mountainous. The highest peak, Table 

 Top Mountain, has an altitude of 4,000 feet 

 (see map on page 4890). 



Rivers and Lakes. Quebec is a land of lakes 

 and rivers. The Saint Lawrence is the great 

 gateway to the interior of the vast continent 

 and the main artery through which most of the 

 rivers of the province find an outlet to the sea. 

 The principal 

 streams flowing 

 into the Saint 

 Lawrence from 

 the north are the 

 Ottawa, forming 

 a part of the 

 southern bound- 

 ary ; the Gati- 

 neau, down which 

 millions of feet 

 of timber are 

 floated; the Saint 

 Maurice, noted 

 for its volume of water and falls, and the 

 Saguenay, with its magnificent scenery. On the 

 south is the Richelieu, which drains Lake 

 Champlain, the Chaudiere, with its beautiful 

 falls, and the Saint Francis, valuable for its 

 water power. 



The great region north of the Height of Land 

 is drained into Hudson Bay and the Atlantic 

 Ocean. The Hamilton River is noted for 

 Grand Falls, a cataract which in many respects 

 rivals Niagara. After a series of cascades, cov- 

 ering about twelve miles, the river makes a 

 final plunge of 316 feet. The fall is 200 feet 

 wide, and is slightly higher than the famous 

 Great Falls in Yellowstone National Park. 

 Were Grand Falls easily accessible, it would 

 be visited every summer by large numbers of 

 tourists. Most of the streams flowing into the 

 Saint Lawrence from the north descend the 

 plateau^ in a series of cascades which add much 

 to the beauty of the region. 



The lakes abound in fish and the shores are 

 clothed with forests. Lake Megantic, north of 

 Maine, is a favorite resort for fishermen. Lake 

 Memphremagog, nestling among the hills with 

 its southern end in Vermont, is famous for its 

 scenery and is visited by many tourists every 

 season. Lake Saint John, about 100 miles north 

 of Quebec, is a favorite resort easily reached 

 by rail or by steamer by way of the Saguenay. 

 These are the best known of the many lakes 

 which lend their beauty to the Quebec land- 

 scape. All are characterized by their clear 

 water, abundance of fish and charming settings. 



