QUEBEC BRIDGE 



tant colonists were being sacrificed to ti 

 the French Catholics. Parliament 

 conciliate the French-Canadians was rewarded 

 only a year later, when Quebec refused to 

 join the 1 aking colonies in their 



revolt against the mother country. 



Consult !?. /774. 



QUEBEC BRIDGE . The longest bridge span 

 ever d- - that in the great cantilever 



structure over the Saint Lawrence River at 

 Quebec , railroad tracks and two broad 



QO support from beneath for a 

 o of 1,800 feet, nearly twice the length 

 of the lur._ ::>hip in the world. The 



only ! r built whose spans are even 



approximately this length are the Forth Canti- 

 lever Bridge in Scotland and the Williams- 

 burgh Suspension Bridge at New York. The 

 former has two gaps of 1,710 feet between sup- 

 md the Williamsburgh Suspension Bridge 

 is swung from towers 1,600 feet apart. 



No other great engineering undertaking of 

 modern times has met with such misfortune 

 as the erection of the bridge at Quebec. In 

 1907, when nearly completed, it suddenly col- 

 lapsed. The Canadian government then bought 

 the rights of the owners, and commenced its 

 reconstruction in 1911. On September 11, 1916, 

 as the central span, weighing 5,000 tons, was 

 being lifted into place, one corner of it slipped 

 from its supports and the span sank in 200 

 feet of water. The cause of the first accident 

 is explained in the description of cantilever 

 structures in the article BRIDGE, where a draw- 

 ing made from the engineer's plans will also be 

 found . 922). The span was finally 



completed, October, 1917. 



The total length of the Quebec Bridge is 

 3,228 feet, and its under side is 150 feet above 

 the water, high enough to permit the passage 

 of the tallest ship that will enter the river. 

 The railroad tracks which it carries will serve 

 ttional Transcontinental Railway and 

 the trunk lines to the United States. 



QUEBEC RESOLUTIONS, the document 

 which cleared the way for Confederation in 

 Canada. In October, 1864, representatives from 

 the various provinces met in Quebec, and 

 under the leadership of Sir John A. Mac- 

 donald drew up a set of resolutions embodying 

 the conditions on which federal union would 

 be accepted. These resolutions were adopted 

 by the legislatures and presented to the queen 

 in the form of a series of addresses; and on 

 them was based the British North America Act, 



QUEEN 



which established the Dominion of Canada. 

 See BRITISH NORTH AMERICA ACT. 



QUEBEC TER-CENTENARY, aen'tenari. 

 The city of Quebec was founded by Samuel de 

 Champlain in 1608. Fittingly to observe the 

 three-hundredth anniversary of the event the 

 people of Quebec began, in 1905, to plan a 

 celebration. The Dominion government entered 

 heartily into the arrangements, and representa- 

 tives of the great nations were invited to par- 

 ticipate. 



A facsimile of the vessel in which Cham- 

 plain sailed to America was built, and on 

 July 23, 1908, appointed as "Champlain Day," 

 it sailed to a designated landing place. This 

 event marked the official opening of the 

 Ter-Centenary. During the following days the 

 old battle fields were dedicated as a national 

 park, in which ceremony 30,000 Canadian troops 

 and warships of Great Britain, the United 

 States, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Japan 

 and Argentina participated. Pageants, continu- 

 ing two weeks, celebrated nearly every striking 

 event in Canadian history. 



The Vice-President of the United States, 

 Charles Warren Fairbanks, was the official rep- 

 resentative of that country. The Prince of 

 Wales, now King George V, represented the 

 mother country. 



QUEEN, the title given to a woman who is 

 the sovereign- ruler of a state. Her official 

 designation is queen regnant. The wife of a 

 king is, by courtesy, addressed as queen, but 

 her legal position is that of queen consort. The 

 mother of a king is a queen mother, and the 

 widow of a king is a queen dowager. The pres- 

 ent form of the word is derived from the 

 Old English cwene. 



A queen regnant has every political right, 

 duty and obligation of a male sovereign. The 

 queen consort is a subject of the king, but has 

 certain privileges not accorded other women of 

 royal birth. In most countries under monarch- 

 ical rule her rights and liabilities and general 

 political and legal status are the same as those 

 of a woman who has no husband. Financial 

 provision is made for her by law. The queen 

 dowager has practically the same standing. 

 privileges and support as the queen consort, 

 except that it is not high treason to conspire 

 to put her to death, as is true of an attempt 

 upon the life of a queen consort, because the 

 succession to the throne is not endangered 

 thereby. Such a crime is simply murder, as 

 in cases affecting persons of less exalted sta- 

 tions. 



