QUEEN ANNE'S WAR 



QUEENSLAND 



QUEEN ANNE'S WAR. See FRENCH AND 

 INDIAN WARS. 



QUEEN CHARLOTTE, shahr'lot. ISLANDS, 

 a small group of islands lying off the coast of 

 British Columbia and for governmental pur- 

 poses a part of the province. Geologically, 

 however, like Vancouver Island, 130 miles to 

 the southeast, they are the remnants of an 

 extinct mountain range which belonged to a 

 different era from the mainland. Except on 

 Graham Island, which is chiefly a rolling plain, 

 the surface is mountainous in character, though 

 it nowhere reaches an altitude of more than 

 5,000 or 5,500 feet. There are many excellent 

 harbors, and coal deposits of good quality, 

 besides abundant timber and some minerals. 

 Halibut fishing in Hecate Strait, which sepa- 

 rates the islands from the mainland, is a large 

 industry, but is conducted chiefly from the 

 mainland. The area of the group is about 

 5,100 square miles. 



The inhabitants of Queen Charlotte Islands, 

 pt for a few white settlers, are the sur- 

 vivors of the Haida tribe of Indians, now no 

 more than 700 in number. This was the finest 

 and most advanced of the Pacific coast tribes. 

 It had developed to its highest degree the 

 conventional art of the Indians, and its carved 

 in poles are considered the most remark- 

 able on the Pacific coast (see TOTEM). The is- 

 land- \\vre discovered by Captain Cook, about 

 177o. and w-re named by Captain Dixon, who 

 <d them in 1787 in his ship, the Queen 

 Charlotte, and claimed sovereignty for Great 



iin. W.B. 



QUEENSBERRY, kwcenz'buri.Jonx SHOLTO 



Marquis of (1844-1900), a widely 



known Knuli.-h patron of sport, especially of 



pumliMii. He was but fourteen years of age 



\\hrn In- succeeded to the title of marquis. 



year In- joined the army, where he 



remained fur five years, and from 1872 to 1880 



rented Scotland in Parliament. Because 



of his interest in the sport, the new rules for 



:itinn which he helped to formulate 



in 1SG7 w re called the Queensberry Rules, 



and these are yet the leading authority. 



QUEENSLAND, / /. the second 



largest state of the Australian Commonwealth, 

 ranking next to Western Australia. It occu- 

 re northeastern part of the con- 

 Having an area of 670.500 square miles, 

 nearly one-fifth as large as the United 

 States and about t i s the size of Man i- 



A wedge-shaped j>< -nin.-uhi ex- 

 nrloHiik' the Gulf of Carpen- 



taria, and the state has over 3,000 miles of sea- 

 coast. (See map of Australia, following page 

 488.) The Great Barrier Reef, a coral ridge 

 off the east seacoast, extending for a distance 

 of over 1,200 miles, encloses a broad, quiet 

 bay, dotted with 

 numerous islands 

 and forming 

 many fine har- 

 bors (see BARRIER 

 REEF). 



For about 300 

 miles inland, the 

 eastern section is 

 rugged and 

 mountainous, LOCATION MAP 



Showing position of Queens- 



land In the Commonwealth 

 and the proportion of the con- 

 tinent occupied by it. 



some of the wood- 

 ed peaks rising 

 more than 5,000 

 feet above the sea. The western section is a 

 treeless, grass-covered plain, broken by a spur 

 of mountains and underlaid by extensive coal 

 beds. Queensland has more rivers than any of 

 the other Australian states. Mangrove thickets 

 and luxuriant forests border these streams, 

 which on the Pacific coast are navigable for 

 many miles. 



The climate is equable, and even in the arid 

 sections the temperature rarely rises above 

 95 F. The rainfall is abundant on the east 

 coast, averaging 150 inches in the north. It 

 decreases to twenty inches in the interior and 

 averages but six inches a year in the extreme 

 west. 



The People. In 1911 the inhabitants num- 

 bered 605,813, about one-fifth of whom were 

 from the British Isles. In 1915 the population 

 was estimated to be 689,678. Nearly one-fourth 

 of the inhabitants are full-blood or half-caste 

 Asiatics, Polynesians and aborigines. The capi- 

 tal and largest city is Brisbane, on the east 

 coast (see BRISBANE). 



There is no State Church, but over one-third 

 of the inhabitants are members of the Church 

 of I.nnland. The Roman Catholics constitute 

 the next largest religious body, followed by the 

 Presbyterian. Methodist and Lutheran denomi- 

 nations. 



Primary education is free and compulsory. 

 and the percentage of illiteracy is low. T 

 are separate secondary schools for girls and 

 boys, sixteen technical schools, a university at 

 Brisbane and many nstitutions. Chari- 



table institutions, including hospitals, asylums 

 and homes, are supported by a state cn<! 

 ment and public subscription. 



