QUEENSTON HEIGHTS 



4900 



QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY 



Industries. In the eat -'urn. large 



crops of hay, wheat, maize. : ml many 



varieties of fruit, including bananas, pineapples 

 and orann ^:own. Sugar cane, how- 



is the most important commercial crop. I 

 flocks and herds are pastured in the arid. \\ 

 ern plains, and dairying is important in the 

 south. Queensland produces nearly one-half 

 of the cattle of the Commonwealth. 



The mountains are rich in gold, silver, tin, 

 copper and bismuth, and the state promises to 

 become important in the production of coal. 

 Flour, sugar, and malt and distilled liquors are 

 important articles of manufacture, and the 

 meat-packing, tanning and timber industries 

 prosperous. There are large exports of 

 gold. wool. meat, sugar and hides; textiles, 

 clothing and metal goods are imported. 



Government and History. The chief execu- 

 tive officer is a governor appointed by the Brit- 

 ish government, who is assisted by an executive 

 council of nine members. The legislative de- 

 partment consists of a Parliament made up of 

 the legislative council of forty-five members, 

 appointed by the Crown for life, and the legis- 

 lative assembly of seventy-two members, 

 elected for three years. Most of the railroads, 

 which have a mileage of about 5,000, are con- 

 trolled by the state (see map on page 489). 

 Woman suffrage prevails in Queensland, as in 

 the other Australian states. The first settlement 

 a penal colony, established in 1826 on 

 Moreton Bay. The immigration of criminals 

 was stopped in 1839, and three years later the 

 colony was opened to settlers. In 1859, 

 Queensland, which had been a. part of New 

 South Wales, was made a separate colony, and 

 in 1899 it became a member of the Australian 

 Commonwealth (see AUSTRALIA, subhead His- 

 tory). E.B.P. 



Consult Russell's The Genesis of Queensland; 

 Bicknell's Travel and Adventure in Northern 



Queensland. 



QUEENS 'TON HEIGHTS, BATTLE OF, one 

 of the minor military engagements in the War 

 of 1812, but important because it ended the 

 first attempt of the Americans to invade 

 Canada. The British commander, General 

 Brock, after taking Detroit in August, 1812, 

 turned his attention to the defense of the Ni- 

 agara frontier. Brock had about 1,500 men, 

 scattered along a line thirty-six miles long; the 

 Americans, commanded by Generals Van Rens- 

 selaer and Smyth, numbered over 6,000. Early 

 on the morning of October 13, 1812, the Ameri- 

 cans began to cross the Niagara River from a 



point opposite Queenston Heights, seven miles 

 below the Falls. About 400 of the Americans, 

 who had succeeded in making a landing, were 

 at once attacked by a force led by Brock him- 

 self, who was among the first to fall, mortally 

 wounded. The landing party retained posses- 

 sion of the heights, but later in the day, after 

 both sides had received strong reinforcements, 

 the British completely surprised the enemy, 

 who lost about 900 prisoners and were com- 

 pelled to withdraw. The victory was clouded 

 by the death of Brock, who was one of the 

 ablest and most gallant of the officers in either 

 army. A monument to his memory, erected in 

 1824 by the province of Ontario, stands on the 

 battle field (for illustration, see BROCK, SIR 

 ISAAC). 



QUEENS 'TOWN, formerly COVE OF CORK, a 

 seaport of Ireland, on the south side of Great 

 Island. The town is built in a semicircle 

 facing Cork Harbor, and the streets rise one 

 above the other like the rows of seats in an 

 amphitheater. Queenstown is not important 

 industrially; it is chiefly a winter resort and 

 an admiralty station. Originally it was merely 

 a fishing village, but during the Napoleonic 

 wars it was made the port of embarkation for 

 soldiers, and is now a port of call for Ameri- 

 can mail steamers. Features of special inter- 

 est are the large navy yards, protected by three 

 forts, a government emigration station, and the 

 famous Royal Cork Yacht Club. Population 

 in 1911, 7,864. 



QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY, an institution of 

 higher learning at Kingston, Ont., a pioneer in 

 the field of coeducation in Canada. It was 

 founded in 1841 as Queen's College, and has 

 been from the first under the control of the 

 Presbyterian Church. The Presbyterian influ- 

 ence, however, is little more than nominal, and 

 denominational tests are not exacted. The 

 original endowment came in part from the 

 Presbyterian Church of Scotland, in part from 

 the Canadian government and in part from 

 public subscription, but later funds came al- 

 most entirely through the last-named channel. 

 In 1887 a particularly successful campaign was 

 conducted for raising a "Queen's Jubilee Fund" 

 of $250,000. 



Queen's has an arts course, leading to the de- 

 grees of B.A., M.A. and Ph.D., and embracing 

 literature, philosophy, history and science; a 

 law course; a theological course; a medical 

 course, and a science course. Its buildings 

 comprise an arts building, the engineering 

 building, Carruthers Science Hall, the medical 



