RANK IN ARMY AND NAVY 



4929 



RANKIN 



duties. The President is head of the United 

 States Army, holding title under the Constitu- 

 tion, but his power is executed through the 

 Secretary of War. From the general down, each 

 officer holds a title descriptive of the com- 

 mand to which he is eligible. A lieutenant- 

 general commands an army corps; a major- 

 general, a division, and a brigadier-general 

 commands a brigade. These grades of general 

 officers are placed at the head of combinations 

 of all branches of arms and departmental corps. 

 A regiment is commanded by a colonel, assisted 

 by a lieutenant-colonel; a battalion, by a 

 major; a company is commanded by a captain, 

 with the assistance of a first and a second lieu- 

 tenant. Next in rank come noncommissioned 

 officers called sergeant-majors, sergeants and 

 corporals. 



In the United States navy, of which the 

 President is also the head, the highest rank is 

 that of admiral; at present, next comes rear- 

 admiral. The title vice-admiral, when be- 

 stowed, implies rank next to an admiral, but 

 the rank usually lapses; there are now no 

 vice-admirals in the list of United States naval 

 officers. After the battle of Santiago, in the 

 Spanish-American War, the friends of Rear- 

 Admiral Sampson and Rear-Admiral Schley en- 

 tered into a bitter controversy as to who was 

 in command at the time of the battle. This 

 effectively prevented the higher title of vice- 

 admiral from being given to either of these 

 officers, although the friends of each had re- 

 quested it, and it has not since been conferred 

 on any other officers. The title commodore, 

 coming next to rear-admiral, was abolished in 

 1905, but it was a very popular rank and car- 

 ried with it much of the romance of the United 

 States navy, and may be revived. Naval of- 

 ficers of the rank of captain, and below, gen- 

 rally are considered as one step above army 

 officers holding the same title. 



The corresponding ranks in army and navy 

 are as follows: 



FIELD OFFICERS : 



1 General, $13,500. 



I I. :. ;; i, mt-General, $11,000. 



3 Major-Generals. $8,000. 



4 Brigadier-Generals, $6,000. 



REGIMENTAL OFFICER* : 



6 Colonels, $3.500. 



6 Lieutenant-Colonels, $3,000. 



7 Majors, $3,000. 



COM PANT OFFICER* : 



8 Captains, $2,400. 



9 First Lieutenants. $2,000. 

 10 Second Lieutenants, $1,700. 



809 



FLEET OFFICERS : 



1 Admiral, $13,000. 



2 Vice-Admiral, $9,000. 



3 Rear-Adir.irals, $6,000. 



4 Commodores, formerly $5,000. 



SHIP OFFICERS : 



5 Captains, $4,500. 



6 Commanders, $3,500. 



7 Lieutenant Commanders, $2,800. 



SUBORDINATE SHIP OFFICERS : 



8 Lieutenants, $2,400 to $2,600. 



9 Masters, $1,800 to $2,000. 

 10 Ensigns, $1,200 to $1,400. 



The rank of commodore was abolished in 1905, 

 as stated above. 



RANKE, rahng'ke, LEOPOLD VON (1795-1886), 

 a German historian, born at Wiehe, in Thu- 

 ringia. He received his education at the best 

 of secondary schools and at the universities of 

 Halle and Berlin. In 1818 he became an in- 

 structor of history in a school at Frankfort-on- 

 the-Oder. Like Niebuhr, he set as his ideal 

 the application to history of critipal methods, 

 the discarding of prejudice and of tradition. 

 His first book, A History of the Romance and 

 Teutonic Nations from 1494 to 1514, with its 

 appended Criticism of Modern Writers of His- 

 tory, won for him in 1825 a position in the 

 University of Berlin, and two years later he 

 was sent at government expense to Italy, to 

 study sources. On his way he stopped for 

 some months in Vienna, and there, as later at 

 Venice, Rome, Florence and other cities, he 

 made researches which resulted in most valu- 

 able contributions to history. 



In 1834 Ranke was made full professor at Ber- 

 lin, where he remained until 1871. His books, 

 as they appeared at intervals, were accepted 

 by scholars the world over as masterpieces 

 in their field. Besides those mentioned above, 

 his works include Princes and Peoples of 

 Southern Europe in th> -h and Severe 



tccnth Centuries; a History of Germany in 

 the Age of the Reformation; History of France, 

 Chiefly in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Cen- 

 turies; History of England in the Sixteenth 

 and Seventeenth Centuries, and nine volumes 

 of a Universal History, which ho began in his 

 eighty-first year. 



RAN 'KIN, JEANNETTE, the first woman ever 

 elected to the law-making body of an inde- 

 pendent nation. She was chosen in 1916 to be 

 represcntative-at-largc for the state of Montana 

 in the Congress of the United States. Though 

 Miss Rankin's victory in the- elections wa." Mr- 

 claimed a triumph for the cause of woman 

 suffrage, it was even more a tribute to her 



