RANKIN 



4930 



RAPHAEL SANTI 



personal record of unceasing labor in behalf 

 of humanity, to her high ideals and to her 

 practical methods. Running as an independ- 

 ent Republican, and in a state which contains 

 three men for every two women, she defeated 

 a well-known 

 Democratic ed- 

 itor on the same 

 day that th 

 supported the 

 Democratic can- 

 didate for Presi- 

 dent, elected a 

 Democratic gov- 

 ernor and chose a 

 Democrat for her 

 colleague in Con- 



Born in fron- 

 tier days on a MISS JEANNETTE RANKIN 



ranch near Missoula, of a New England mother 

 and a Scotch-Canadian father, Miss Rankin 

 grew up in an atmosphere of liberal, self-reli- 

 ant thought. She not only acquired skill in 

 the feminine arts, but also learned to do a 

 man's work when necessary. Thus it is said 

 that she makes her own hats and dresses, has 

 cooked for crews of hungry lumbermen and 

 once built a sidewalk. In campaign time most 

 of her traveling is done on horseback. 



After her graduation from the University of 

 Montana Miss Rankin was appointed an assist- 

 ant instructor in economics. Afterwards she 

 studied at the New York School of Philan- 

 thropy and at the University of Washington, in 

 Seattle. She has done sociological work in 

 nearly every state in the Union and has visited 

 New Zealand to study social and economic con- 

 ditions in that land of advanced legislation. 

 She undertook work for woman suffrage because 

 she believed that women must vote before cer- 

 tain fundamental reforms can be secured for the 

 nation; in the course of her labors she has been 

 an active influence in the legislatures of several 

 states and in the Senate of the United States. 

 She directed the campaign which gave suffrage 

 to the women of her own state in 1914. Miss 

 Rankin entered Congress pledged to work for 

 tin- betterment of humanity, especially by ad- 

 vocating national equal suffrage, national pro- 

 hibition and child-welfare laws. She was able 

 to put some of these ideas into practice during 

 the special session called by President Wilson 

 after America's entrance into the great war, for 

 it was due to her exposure of conditions in 

 the government Bureau of Engraving and Print- 



ing that an executive order went into effect 

 in July, 1917, placing all employes in the Bu- 

 reau on an eight -hour working-day basis. 



RANUNCULUS, ra nutuj'ku /</*, a group of 

 annual or perennial herbs belonging to the but- 

 tercup, or crowfoot, family. These plain 

 the representative genus of the family. Of the 

 numerous species the best known are the crow- 

 foot , buttercup and spearwort groups. The 

 plants bear white or yellow flowers, and grow 

 commonly in pastures and gardens or in moist 

 places. Many of them contain poisonous juices 

 which protect them from animals, and as a 

 result they have spread rapidly and become 

 weeds. See ANNUALS; PERENNIALS. 



RAPHAEL SANTI, rahj'acl sahn' te (1483- 

 1520), one of the most famous men in the his- 

 tory of art, called the "Divine Raphael" and 

 the "Prince of Italian Painting." He wa< not 

 only a master of painting, but a great architect 

 and a sculptor. 

 His Sistine Ma- 

 donna (see col- 

 ored reproduction 

 accompanying ar- 

 ticle under that 

 title) is account- 

 ed by many the 

 world's greatest 

 masterpiece. 



Raphael was 

 born at Urbino, 

 Italy. From his 

 father, a painter V,V> 



of some reputa- RAPHAEL 



tion, he received his first art instruction. When 

 seventeen years of age the ambitious youth was 

 apprenticed to Perugino, a great master of the 

 Umbrian school, but it was not long before 

 the pupil excelled his teacher. Among the 

 best works of this period of Raphael's career, 

 known as the Umbrian period, are Marriage oj 

 the Virgin (Milan), Saint George and the 

 Dragon and Saint Michael (Louvre), and sev- 

 eral Madonnas. An admirable Madonna of 

 this period (see MADONNA AND HER BABE) is 

 one of the glories of the Metropolitan Mu- 

 seum, in New York. 



In 1504, having exhausted the teachings of 

 the school of Perugino, Raphael fulfilled a long- 

 cherished ambition to study at Florence, as 

 wonderful stories had come to him of the 

 famous artists and the great work they were 

 accomplishing. In this city he rapidly gained 

 a wider knowledge of his beloved art. Soon he 

 forsook the style which had individualized his 



