RAPHAEL SANTI 



4931 



RASPBERRY 



work under Perugino, for he quickly assimi- 

 lated the qualities which made famous the 

 other great men of this period. From the 

 works of Masaccio he learned how to group 

 his figures and how to treat draperies; his 

 friend Fra Bartolommeo taught him many 



ts of modeling and coloring, and developed 

 his gift for the portrayal of spiritual beauty; 

 from Leonardo da Vinci he acquired grace of 



> ssion and a knowledge of composition; 

 while from Michelangelo he learned anatomy 

 and dramatic action. The influence of the 

 ;>tors, Donatello and Ghiberti, was also im- 

 portant. Thus he developed what is known 

 as his Florentine manner. Among the finest 

 paintings of this period are the Entombm< nt 

 and many well-known Madonnas, including the 

 'i of the Grand Duke (Pitti Palace, 

 Florence) ; La Belle Jardiniere (Louvre) ; the 



onna with the Goldfinch (Uffizi, at Flor- 

 ence) ; and the Madonna in the Meadow 



ua). 



However, he was destined to achieve his 

 greatest triumphs at Rome. In 1508 Pope 

 Julius II called him there to help decorate the 

 can, and it became a veritable museum of 

 his works. Here he painted the world-famous 

 frescoes, which transformed four small cham- 

 bers into beautiful halls. The frescoes of the 

 first room represent theology, philosophy, law 

 and poetry; those of the second, the triumph 

 of the Church over its enemies; in the third 

 and fourth the decorations are on historical 

 subjects. He also painted numerous religious 

 paintings known as Raphael's Bible upon the 

 ceiling of a loggia, or open gallery, and made 

 designs for some tapestries for the Sistine 

 Chapel. He was now recognized as one of the 

 leading painters of his day. All the powerful 

 nobles of Rome sought his fascinating society, 

 and the commissions for paintings came so 

 fast tint li- was obliged to leave the execution 

 of some of his frescoes to his pupils, he him- 

 self prep toons, from which the 

 designs were traced (see CAIMOON >. 



Pope Leo X, successor to Pope Juliu> II. 

 also encouraged art and I- -aniing. .mo! under 



patronage Raphael nous 



frescoes, the Delivery of Saint l\l<r from 



Prison and the Vision of Attila, and won 



1'iirti <tion as tin hitcct of 



Many of his most beautiful 



Umna pictures belong to tin- I ,ter Roman 



^hiding the Madnnna of thr Chair 



lace, Florenr, > an-l th. |fl .test of nil 



Madonnas in th- world. th< S Inch 



occupies an entire room in the Dresden Gallery. 

 This was painted in 1518, when the brilliant 

 life was drawing to its close. At this time he 

 also executed two other great masterpieces, 

 Christ Bearing the Cross (Madrid) and The 

 Transfiguration (Vatican). Death prevented 

 Raphael from finishing this latter painting, and 

 at the head of his funeral procession from his 

 studio to the tomb in the Pantheon, this paint- 

 ing was borne, its colors still wet. 



Though he died at the age of thirty-seven, 

 Raphael had made his fame secure for all time. 

 Hardly another one of the famous Italian mas- 

 ters equaled him in versatility, for he excelled 

 in whatever form of painting he attempted. 

 His pictures are not only without a flaw in 

 arrangement and spacing, but they have a 

 harmony, grace and spiritual quality that set 

 them apart from all others. His work is the 

 glory of Italian Renaissance painting. K.D.M. 



Consult Bolton's .Famous Artists; La Farge's 

 Circa t Masters; Rose's Renaissance Masters. 



RAPPAHANNOCK.rapo/um'ofc, a river ot 

 Virginia which rises in the Blue Ridge Moun- 

 tains and flows southeast for 250 miles into 

 Chesapeake Bay. One of the principal cities 

 on its banks is Fredericksburg, at the head of 

 navigation. A fall at this point gives that 

 city excellent water power for the operation 

 of many mills and factories. Below Fredericks- 

 burg, for a distance of nearly 100 miles, the 

 river is a navigable tidal stream. The Rappa- 

 hannock enters the bay through a great estuary. 

 and an important tributary is the Rapidan. 



RARITAN, a river of Now Jersey, formed by 

 two branches which rise in the northern high- 

 lands of the state. It flows southeast for seven- 

 ty-five miles into Haritan Bay, an inlet of 

 Lower New York Bay. The nvt T is navigable 

 only as far as the fall line, near New Bruns- 

 wick. IVrth Amboy, an important manufac- 

 turing center, lirs at the mouth of the Haritan. 

 The stream furm-h. - \\ater j>o\\, r for the mills 

 of the town of Haritan. also on its banks. 

 See FAIL I 



RASPBERRY, raz'h,ri. a bramble (thorny 

 bush) which bears delicately-flavored berries. 

 It is a n;: ha northern hrmi.-phnv and 



with the blackbri rawberry, 



apple, pc belongs to the rose family. 



SOUK -. of which there are more than 



100, bear beautiful, fragrant, white blossoms. 

 The fruit is a little cap, a collection of large 

 cells each with a tiny seed at the centn. and 

 i ripe separates from th. ^tandard about 

 \\lueh it grows. 



