RED WING 



4956 



REFLECTION 



greater part of North America, from Canada to 

 Mexico, and in the winter months is found in 

 Cuba, the West Indies and Northern South 

 America. The adult male is a shining black, 

 with vivid, salmon-red markings. In the plu- 

 mage of the fe- 

 male and young 

 the black is re- 

 placed with 

 brown, and tlu> 

 salmon becomes 

 a dull yellow. 

 The redstarts 

 spread their t:iils 

 like fan, when in 

 flight. They nest 

 in trees, and their 

 eggs, four or five 

 in number, an THE REDSTART 



grayish or bluish-white, spotted and blotched 

 with lilac and dark brown. They feed chiefly 

 on insects. The European redstart is a small 

 song bird related to the nightingale. 



RED WING, MINN., the county seat of 

 Goodhue County, and a manufacturing city of 

 importance in the southeastern section of the 

 state. It is located on the Mississippi River, 

 here spanned by a high bridge, forty miles 

 southeast of Saint Paul, and is served by the 

 Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul and the Chi- 

 cago Great Western railways. The place was 

 settled in 1845, was incorporated in 1858 and 

 was named in honor of Red Wing, the Indian 

 chief. Scandinavians and Germans are largely 

 represented in the population, which increased 

 from 9,048 in 1910 to 10,004 (Federal estimate) 

 in 1916. The area o f the city comprises seven 

 square miles. 



Red Wing is an important wheat market, 

 but is better known as a manufacturing center, 

 its thirty industrial plants having an annual 

 output valued at $7,500,000. The largest of 

 these make clay products, pottery and sewer 

 pipe; besides, there are milling, malting and 

 brewing plants, linseed mills producing oil and 

 oil meal, furniture factories, launch and engine 

 works, and a variety of other employments. 

 The city has Red Wing Seminary, the Lutheran 

 Seminary for women, the state training school 

 for delinquent children and a public library. 

 The Auditorium, Federal building, Masonic 

 Hall, city hall, county courthouse and jail are 

 prominent buildings. J.F.M. 



RED'WOOD, a giant, cone-bearing tree of 

 Western United States, belonging to the 

 Sequoia genus. The tree is described in these 



volumes in the article SEQUOIA, subhead Red- 

 wood. 



REED, THOMAS BRACKETT (1839-1902), an 

 American congressman who earned the nick- 

 name of "Czar" Reed by introducing into the 

 House of Representatives a code of rules 

 which put an end to filibustering and made it 

 possible for the 

 majority to trans- 

 act business in 

 the face of oppo- 

 sition. Under the 

 new ruling a quo- 

 ruin was obtained 

 b y authorizing 

 the Speaker t o 

 count as present 

 members who re- 

 fused to vote but 

 remained in their THOMAS B. REED 

 seats. The "tyranny of Czar Reed" was the 

 leading subject discussed in politics for some 

 time, and overshadowed many other questions 

 of public interest; the United States Supreme 

 Court sustained the innovation. 



Reed was born in Portland, Me. He was 

 graduated at Bowdoin College in 1860, studied 

 law and practiced in Portland. He served for 

 a year as paymaster in the navy during the 

 War of Secession, and after the war was elected 

 to both branches of the Maine legislature. 

 From 1870 to 1872 he was attorney-general of 

 the state of Maine. Elected to the national 

 House of Representatives in 1877, he continued 

 there until the close of 1899, when he refused 

 another reelection. From 1889 to 1891, and 

 again from 1895 to 1899, he was Speaker. In 

 1892 and 1896 he was an unsuccessful candi- 

 date for the Republican nomination for Presi- 

 dent. Reed's methods in the House were 

 adopted by his successors, but a reaction in 

 1910 deprived the Speaker of much of his power 

 (see CANNON, JOSEPH GURNEY). A book on 

 parliamentary law, called Reed's Rules, was 

 written by him. 



Consult Fuller's Speakers of the House; Mc- 

 Call's Life of Thomas B. Reed. 



REEDBIRD, the name given to the bobo- 

 link when it reaches the Carolina rice fields in 

 late summer on its southern migration. See 

 BOBOLINK. 



REFERENDUM, rcj er en ' d urn, a progressive 

 political principle, discussed in these volumes 

 under the title INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM. 



REFLECTION, reflek'shun. A ball thrown 

 against a wall will bound back into the space 



