REFORM SCHOOLS 



4961 



REGIMENT 



where, in order to retain its religious influence, 

 the Church relinquished all claims to political 

 power. A.C. 



Consult Fisher's History of the Reformation; 

 Foxe's Acts and Monuments of the Church. 



Related Subjects. In connection with this 

 discussion of the Reformation, the reader may 

 find the following articles In these volumes of 

 interest : 



Augsburg Confession Nantes, Edict of 

 Bull Peasant War 



Calvin, John Pope 



Charles V (Holy Roman Protestants 



Emperor) Renaissance 



Counter-Reformation Roman Catholic Church 

 Eck, Johann M. von Saint Bartholomew's 

 Erasmus, Desiderius Day, Massacre of 



Huguenots Schmalkaldic League 



Huss, John Tetzel, Johann 



Indulgence Thirty Years' War 



Luther, Martin Wycliffe, John 



Melanchthon, Phllipp Zwingli, Ulric 



The subtitle History in the articles on the vari- 

 ous countries mentioned may also be consulted. 



REFORM SCHOOLS, state institutions for 

 the education of boys and girls who need cor- 

 rective influences. Reformatory education is 

 usually resorted to after the efforts of home, 

 public school and juvenile court have proven 

 inadequate to restrain the tendency to crime. 

 Separate institutions are maintained for boys 

 and girls, but the aims of the two are similar, 

 being the development of character rather 

 than the infliction of punishment. A medical 

 officer determines which children must be per- 

 manently restrained, because of feeble-minded- 

 ness or other physical reason for crime, and 

 brings the health of all to the best possible 

 grade. A parole system allows normal chil- 

 dren to be placed in homes or employed out- 

 side the institution whenever practicable. All 

 are taught occupations and trades with the 

 idea of future self-support. 



According to modern ideas, reformatories, 

 whenever possible, should be placed in the 

 country, where the young people may have 

 the benefit of wholesome out-of-door work. 

 The cottage plan, in which the chijdren are 

 divided into small groups and closely asso- 

 ciated with their instructor, is growing in favor, 

 and it is considered best that an institution be 

 not too large for a single superintendent to 

 know and understand every child under his 

 supervision. 



REFORMED CHURCH, the term applied in a 

 general sense to all those Churches which came 

 into existence at the time of the Reformation. 

 It is also used to designate those Protestant 

 Churches in which the Calvinistic creed pre- 

 311 



vails in opposition to the Lutheran doctrine. 

 In Europe the Reformed Churches are usually 

 called Calvinistic, and in some countries the 

 term Protestant Church is equivalent to Lu- 

 theran Church. The Reformed Churches (gen- 

 erally considered) are those of England, 

 Scotland, Holland and the Netherlands, many 

 German Churches, the Protestant Church of 

 France (see HUGUENOTS), the Protestant 

 Church of Poland and many in America which 

 have sprung from those in Europe. 



In America there are four Protestant de- 

 nominations which use the name Reformed 

 Church. These are the Dutch Reformed, Ger- 

 man Reformed, Christian Reformed and Hun- 

 garian Reformed. They have together about 

 464,000 communicants. Theodore Roosevelt was 

 a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. 



REFRACTION, re jrak' shun, OF LIGHT. 

 See LIGHT, subhead Refraction of Light. 



REFRIGERATION, re frij er a' shun. See 

 COLD STORAGE. 



REGELATION, re je la' shun. Blocks of 

 melting ice when pressed upon each other will 

 freeze together, even when the temperature is 

 above the freezing point. The term regelation 

 is applied to this refreezing. No satisfactory 

 explanation for this action of ice has been 

 found. Some scientists claim that since water 

 expands when it freezes, pressure will lower 

 the freezing point and that as soon as the 

 pressure is removed the water will freeze. 

 This theory is considered of some importance 

 in accounting for the formation of glaciers. 

 See GLACIER. 



REGENT, re'jent, from a Latin word, regere, 

 meaning to rule, refers to one who rule* or 

 governs. However, the name is usually given 

 to one who assumes the administration of state 

 affairs when the rightful sovereign is under 

 age, absent, or unable to fill the office in per- 

 son. In hereditary kingdoms this office is gen- 

 erally held by the nearest relative of the king 

 or queen who is capable of exercising authority. 



In English universities the title of regent is 

 given to doctors and masters who are also 

 instructors. In certain parts of the United 

 States and Canada the term is given to mem- 

 bers of the governing bodies of state colleges 

 and universities. 



REGIMENT, rej'iment, a body of soldiers 

 forming an administrative unit of an army and 

 generally commanded by a colonel. The term 

 when first used, about the end of the sixteenth 

 century, did not refer to a definite number of 

 men, but to any body of troops commanded by 



