RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS 



5002 



RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS 



LOCATION OF RHODESIA 



There are several large sections suitable for 

 farming and grazing, and good crops of corn, 

 cotton and tobacco are grown. The native rub- 

 ber forests, covering several thousand acres, are 

 carefully pro- 

 tected. There are 

 gold, copper, lead 

 and zinc mines in 

 the protectorate, 

 and the mining 

 of coal is a future 

 possibility. 

 Northern R h o - 

 desia has several 

 navigable w:\ter- 

 and a rail- 

 way crosses the 

 country from Liv- 

 ingstone, on the Zambesi, to the Congo border. 

 The most important towns include Livingstone, 

 the headquarters of the British administrator, 

 Fort Jameson, Fife, Abercorn, Fort Rosebery, 

 Broken Hill and Lealui. There is a permanent 

 European population of about 2,250, and a na- 

 tive population (Bantu negroes) estimated to 

 be 870,000. See AFRICA, subhead The People. 



Southern Rhodesia. This section is a pros- 

 perous farming country, and is rich in minerals, 

 including gold, coal, copper, silver, iron, anti- 

 mony, arsenic and lead. Diamonds are mined 

 to a limited extent. About $180,000,000 worth 

 of gold was worked during the year 1914, which 

 witnessed the outbreak of the war in Europe. 

 The chief products of the farms are European 

 cereals, vegetables, fruits, Kafir corn, maize, 

 tobacco and cotton. Considerable attention 

 is given to the live-stock industry, high-bred 

 animals being imported for breeding purposes. 

 Southern Rhodesia is divided into two prov- 

 inces, Mashonaland and Matabeleland, the for- 

 mer having 495,451 native inhabitants and 

 12.631 whites (census of 1911), and the latter, 

 249,108 natives and 10,975 whites. The chief 

 towns of Mashonaland are Salisbury (the seat 

 of government of Southern Rhodesia) , Hartley, 

 Umtali, Victoria and Gatooma; of Matabele- 

 land, Buluwayo, Salukwe and Gwelo (the cen- 

 ter of the diamond industry). There are sev- 

 eral branches of the Rhodesian Railway system 

 in the protectorate, and the country is trav- 

 ersed by the Cape-to-Cairo Railway (which 

 see). 



RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS, rohdz skol'ar 

 ships, a system of scholarships, founded by the 

 will of the late Cecil John Rhodes (1853-1902), 

 by which selected students from the British 



colonies, Germany and the United States are 

 entitled to three-years' residence and study at 

 the various colleges of Oxford University, Eng- 

 land. The scholarships are apportioned in the 

 following manner: Rhodesia, 9; Cape Colony, 

 12; Natal, 3; Australia, 18; New Zealand, 3; 

 Jamaica, 3; Canada, 24; Newfoundland, 3; 

 Bermuda, 3; United States, 96 (2 for each 

 state) ; Germany, 15. The German scholar- 

 ships have each an annual value of 81,250, all 

 others, SI, 500; the smaller value of the former 

 is due to the shorter distance German stu- 

 dents are obliged to travel. 



This generous foundation represents the su- 

 preme purpose in the Lfe of the great colonial 

 statesman, himself an Oxford man to upbuild 

 and perpetuate the British Empire, and to ef- 

 fect a closer union among the English-speaking 

 peoples of the world. 



Selection of Scholarship Holders. Mr. Rhodes 

 specifically stated that he did not desire mere 

 "bookworms" to enjoy the scholarship advan- 

 tages, but that the students elected should be 

 all-round men, of superior scholarship, athletic 

 tastes and high character, and must be unmar- 

 ried. The age limits set by the will were 19 

 and 25, but the following exceptions occur: 

 West Australia (17-25), Queensland and Ja- 

 maica (18-25), Newfoundland (18-21) and 

 South Africa (19-24). It was desired to select 

 men old enough to appreciate the benefits of 

 residence at Oxford, and young enough to adapt 

 themselves readily to the new conditions. The 

 mode of selection was left in the hands of com- 

 mittees in the various states and colonies. In 

 the United States the chairmen of these com- 

 mittees are presidents of state or other promi- 

 nent universities. The German scholars are 

 appointed by the emperor. 



Conditions Governing Selection. Each candi- 

 date for a Rhodes scholarship is required to 

 pass an examination in Greek, Latin and 

 mathematics, known as Responsions. These 

 examinations are not competitive, however, but 

 are merely to test the applicant's fitness for the 

 honor. Students in attendance at colleges affili- 

 ated with Oxford are exempt from Responsions. 

 The first Oxford examination in the United 

 States was held in 1904. Except in Massachu- 

 setts, where candidates from secondary schools 

 are accepted, American applicants must have 

 reached the end of the second year in some 

 university or college which grants degrees. 

 Candidates must submit certificates of age and 

 a statement of their educational and athletic 

 qualifications. In nearly all cases the candi- 



