ROOFS 



31)67 



ROOKWOOD POTTERY 



His new town grew rapidly, for young men 

 came in from every direction. The surrounding 

 tribes looked upon the Romans as little better 

 than outlaws and refused to allow their daugh- 

 ters to marry them. The dwellers in the new 

 city, therefore, stole wives from the Sabines, 

 with whom they were then forced to go to war. 

 After several conflicts in which the Romans 

 were invariably successful, the Sabines united 

 with their new neighbors, their king ruling in 

 common with Romulus. On the death of the 

 Sabine king, Romulus became sole ruler. 



One time after a particularly successful battle 

 with Veii, Romulus was holding a review of his 

 army, when suddenly darkness covered the sky 

 and a terrible storm arose. About the head of 

 Romulus the lightning played most fiercely, 

 and the people all fled in dismay. When the 

 storm had passed and they returned, their king 

 was nowhere to be found, and they believed 

 that his father Mars had carried him off to the 

 duelling place of the gods. Under the name of 

 Quirin worshiped as a deity. A.MCC. 



ROOFS. Though used primarily for shelter, 

 throughout history roofs have been an im- 

 portant part of architectural designs. The 

 buildings of each country have been given indi- 

 vidual character -by their roof types. In North- 



FOUR STYLES OF ROOFS 

 (a) Gable; (b) hip; (c) mansard; (d) gam- 

 brel. 



era climates, where the heavy snows of winter 

 must be shed, the steeply-pitched roof and its 

 companion, the pointed arch which character- 

 ices Gothic architecture, have been develop 1 

 At the opposite extreme is the massive flat 



roof of rainless, ancient I-^ypt. Greek 

 roofs -htlv inclined, and Roman roofs 



were sometimes flat, sometimes domed or 



<ed. Japanese and Chinese, Moorish and 

 Spanish, Romanesque and Byzantine roofs are 

 equally distinctive. See illustrations accom- 

 .MR the artid. \c. imp run, page 322. 



Materials for pitched roofs range from the 

 sod thatch of Irish peasant cottages and the 

 grass thatch of Malay huts to the wooden or 

 slate shingles and the earthen tiles of more 

 elaborate structures. For flat, or nearly flat, 

 roofs, corrugated or sheet metal iron, tin, zinc, 

 copper or lead or tar and gravel, asphalt or 

 special composition of felt or rubber are found 

 satisfactory. 



If the height of the roof is one-half the width 

 which it covers, it is said to have one-half 

 pitch. Similarly, roofs are frequently one-third 

 pitch, one-fourth pitch, and so on. The hori- 

 zontal distance from the edge of a roof to a 

 point beneath its peak is called the run; the 

 perpendicular height of the peak above the 

 edge is called the rise. In a one-half pitch, 

 therefore, the run equals the rise. 



Consult Merrlman and Jacoby's Roofs and 

 Bridges; Kidder's Building Construction. 



ROOK, the most common European member 

 of the crow family, smaller than the raven and 

 larger than the jackdaw. It differs from other 

 members of its family by reason of the purple 

 gloss on its black plumage, and in its habit of 

 feeding entirely on insects and grain. Also, on 

 coming to maturity it sheds the feathers of its 

 face, which leaves it a grayish-white. The 

 migrating habits of rooks vary, those in Central 

 Europe remaining the year round in their set- 

 tled place of abode, and those farther north 

 flying southward on the approach of winter. At 

 the nesting season they gather in commun 

 of many hundreds, known as rookeries. When 

 tamed, they sometimes learn to imitate human 

 speech, and are known for their cunning and 

 their thieving ways. The bird figures in Eng- 

 lish literature from the time of Chaucer. See 

 CROW. 



ROOK 'WOOD POTTERY, a ware that is the 

 best representative of American ideas and 

 iiods in pottery work. The institution 

 win -re Rookwood pottery is made owes its in- 

 ception to the experiments and influence of 

 Mrs. Bellamy Storer. It is located in a suburb 

 of Cincinnati, called Rookwood because of the 

 many crows which frequent the woods in tin 

 vicinity. The factory, which was a former 

 country home, is perched high on a hill and is 

 as picturesque as the pottery itself. With 

 American clays worked by American hands, 

 Mrs. Stoi >ined to develop a distinctly 



American ware distinguished by an individual 

 method of treatment. 



Great progress has been made since the hum- 

 ble beginnings in 1880, when the first kiln of 



