ROSEBERY 





ROSECRANS 



The Rose Family. Botanists combine all 

 members of this family of plants under the 

 name Rosaceae (pronounced roza'se a). In the 

 family are about 2,000 species of trees. >hnibs 

 and herbs, and it is represented by some of our 

 most valuable fruits and loveliest flowers. To 

 the rose family belong a large proportion of the 

 commercial fruits of the temperate regions, no- 

 tably the apple, pear and quince, the berries, 

 and the peach, apricot, plum and cherry. Its 

 numerous ornamental plants include the rose, 

 the meadowsweet, the mountain ash and the 

 hawthorn. Many useful products are yielded by 

 rosaceous plants, such as oil of bitter almonds, 

 attar of roses and several fine cabinet woods. 

 The plants of this family bear regular flowers, 

 each having five petals, a five-lobed calyx, nu- 

 merous stamens and one or more carpels (see 

 FLOWERS, subhead Flower Structure). As they 

 are seed-bearing plants they are classed as angio- 

 sperms, and because they produce two seed 

 s they belong to the dicotyledonous plants 

 (see subhead under COTYLEDON). B.M.W. 



Consult Thomas's The Rose Book; Sanders' 

 Roses and Their Cultivation ; Pemberton's Roses: 

 Their History, Development and Cultivation. 



Related Subjects. The reader is referred to 

 the following articles in these volumes : 

 Angiosperms Flowers 



Attar Hawthorn 



Cotyledon Mountain Ash 



ROSEBERY, rohz'beri, ARCHIBALD PHILIP 

 PRIMROSE, Earl of (1847- ), a distinguished 

 English statesman who succeeded to the title 

 in 1868 on the death of his grandfather. He 

 was born in London, studied at Eton and at 

 Christ Church, Oxford, and in 1868 took his seat 

 in the House of Lords. There he speedily ac- 

 quired a reputation as a forceful speaker, and 

 by advocating measures for bettering the con- 

 dition of the working classes won such popu- 

 larity as usually comes to members of the Lower 

 House rather than to those of the Upper. His 

 first office was the Undersecretaryship for Home 

 Affairs, which he received in 1881 and held for 

 two years, resigning because there was consid- 

 erable opposition to a member of the House of 

 Lords holding that post. In 1884 he became 

 first commissioner of works, with a seat in the 

 Cabinet, and although he went out of office with 

 the Liberals in the next year, he became Secre- 

 tary of State for Foreign Affairs in the brief 

 Ministry of William E. Gladstone in 1886. 

 Meanwhile he had been chosen lord rector of 

 Aberdeen University in 1878 and of Edinburgh 

 University in 1880. 



In 1889 Lord Rosebery became chairman of 

 the first London County Council, and in 1892 

 was given by Gladstone the post of Foreign Sec- 9 

 ivtary in the new Liberal Cabinet. In this posi- 

 tion he avoided trouble with France over the 

 question of Siam and urged the control by Great 

 Britain of the Upper Nile Valley and of Uganda. 

 When Gladstone resigned in 1894 Rosebery be- 

 came Prime Minister, and the appointment gave 

 general satisfaction, although the Ministry en- 

 dured for only fifteen months. Lord Rosebei y 

 remained leader of the Liberals, however, until 

 October, 1896, when he broke with the party on 

 the question of intervention in Turkey, strongly 

 recommended by Gladstone, to check Armenian 

 atrocities (see ARMENIA). From that time he 

 took no part in party politics, though retaining 

 all his old interest in public affairs. During the 

 South African War he urged the necessity of 

 support of the government by all parties though 

 he was far from approving the conduct of the 

 war and saw great necessity for army reform. 



Lord Rosebery is the author of various pub- 

 lications, including William Pitt; Appreciation! 

 and Addresses; Sir Robert Peel; Napoleon; 

 Cromwell, and Chatham: His Early Life and 

 Connections. He has always been keenly inter- 

 ested in sports, and three times won the Derby 

 once while he was Prime Minister. 



Consult McCarthy's British Political Portraits. 



ROSECRANS, ro'zekranz, WILLIAM STARKE 

 (1819-1898), an American soldier and brigadier- 

 general in the Union army during the War of 

 Secession. He was born at Kingston, O. After 

 graduating at West Point in 1842, he served 

 in the army as civil engineer until 1854. At the 

 beginning of the War of Secession he volun- 

 teered as aide to General McClellan, and when 

 the latter was appointed commander of the 

 Army of the Potomac, Rosecrans was commis- 

 sioned brigadier-general and placed in command 

 in West Virginia. In 1862, after the evacuation 

 of Corinth by the Confederates, he was given 

 command of the army in Mississippi and suc- 

 cessfully defended the city against Price and 

 Van Dora, but in 1863, as commander of the 

 Army of the Cumberland, he was defeated by 

 Bragg at Chickamauga (see CHICKAMAUGA, BAT- 

 TLE OF). Shortly afterwards Rosecrans was suc- 

 ceeded by Thomas as chief of the Army of the 

 Cumberland, and eventually was relieved of all 

 authority. At the close of the war he resigned 

 from the army, and in 1868 was appointed min- 

 ister to Mexico. From 1881 to 1885 he was a 

 member of Congress from California, and from 



