ROUGE 



5000 



ROULETTE 



Rouen's commercial importance is due chiefly 

 to its extensive manufacture of checked and 

 striped cottons. Hosiery, mixed silk and 

 woolen goods, shot, chemicals and refined pe- 

 troleum are other products of manufacture. 

 The history of Rouen has been eventful since 

 the days of the Northmen, who made it their 

 capital (i MANDY; NORMANS). In 1204 



it \\as taken by siege by the French king, Philip 

 Augustus, and annexed to France. During the 



VI of England the 



city was under English control from 1419 to 

 1H9; in the latter year it was retaken by the 

 French undn VII. In 1431 Joan of 



burned at the stake in a public square, 

 which now contains a statue of the heroine. 

 Population in 1911, 124,987. 



ROUGE, roozh, the French word for red, is 

 the general name for cosmetics used to color 

 the skin. Safflower, citric acid and French 

 chalk enter largely into the manufacture of a 

 rouge in general favor. Authorities agree that 

 the ultimate effects of the use of coloring mat- 

 ters are harmful, as they clog the pores of the 

 skin and the drugs contained in the prepara- 

 tions are absorbed by the system. A prepara- 

 tion made from crystals of sulphate of iron, 

 called rouge, is used by jewelers for polishing 

 purposes. 



ROUGE-ET-NOIR, TOO zha nwahr' , the 

 French for red and black, is the name of 'a 

 game of chance much in vogue in Europe, 

 especially in the gambling rooms of Monte 

 Carlo. It is played with the cards of six com- 

 plete decks. The players arrange themselves 

 about a green-covered table, on which is a dia- 

 gram showing four divisions upon which money 

 may be placed as a bet. These are rouge, noir, 

 couleur and inverse. The banker, or dealer, 

 deals a row of cards (face up) for noir until 

 the spots number between 30 and 40, face cards 

 counting 10 and aces 1. Then a similar row 

 is dealt for rouge. The row which most nearly 

 approaches the number 31 is the winning one, 

 and the players who have staked on the win- 

 ning color get double stakes. If the first card 

 turned up in the deal is of the winning color 

 couleur wins, and if the contrary is true inverse 

 wins. A fresh deal is made when the number 

 of spots is the same in each row; that is, in 

 case of a refait, or tie. If both count exactly 31 

 the banker claims one-half of all stakes, a rule 

 which gives him an advantage calculated to be 

 equal to about 1.25 per cent on all sums staked. 

 Each player shuffles a part of the cards before 

 the game starts, and the banker then shuffles 



them all. The game is also called trente-et- 

 quarante (thirty and forty). 



Consult Foster's Complete Hoyle. 



ROUGH RIDERS, the name popularly given 

 to the First Regiment of the United States 

 Volunteer Cavalry, which, during the Spanish- 

 American War, served in Cuba under Leonard 

 Wood and Theodore Roosevelt. Before that 

 time the name had been familiar in connection 

 with Buffalo Bill's "Wild West Show and Con- 

 gress of the Rough Riders of the World," and 

 was applied to the volunteer cavalry regiment 

 because that body was made up largely of 

 cowboys and Western hunters. Roosevelt, pro- 

 moted to the rank of colonel, led his Rough 

 Riders in the charge up San Juan Hill on July 

 1, 1898. When the regiment was mustered out 

 its members formed the patriotic society known 

 as the Rough Riders' Association, which has as 

 its object the perpetuation of memories of the 

 war. It has also an insurance fund for the 

 relief of needy members. All members of the 

 regiment are eligible, and the right to belong 

 descends to the oldest son. See ROOSEVELT, 

 THEODORE. 



ROULETTE, roolet' , a gambling game of 

 French origin, played first in the famous gam- 

 ing rooms of Monte Carlo, and from there 

 spread throughout the world. It is not in any 

 way a game of skill, and though "systems" to 

 beat the game have been invented and tried in 

 great numbers, none has evolved any reliable 

 or successful plan. It is purely a game of 

 chance, with any possible advantage on the 

 side of the bank. 



The roulette table is covered with green 

 cloth, with a wheel in the center. The cloth 

 is divided into spaces marked passe, pair, 

 manque, impair and two diamond-shaped 

 spaces colored black and red. The wheel is 

 divided into 37 compartments, numbered from 

 1 to 36 and one with 0. Pair indicates even 

 numbers; impair odd numbers; manque in- 

 dicates the numbers from 1 to 18 inclusive; 

 passe, the numbers from 19 to 36. 



As played at Monte Carlo the minimum 

 stake is five francs, but elsewhere stakes can 

 be arranged to suit the players. There are in- 

 numerable ways of staking: on color, odd or 

 even numbers, on single numbers, on groups, 

 and many others. At Monte Carlo the crou- 

 pier, whose duty it is to set the wheel revolv- 

 ing and literally rake in the money lost to the 

 bank, calls out "Faites votre jeu," meaning 

 play, starts the wheel revolving and throws in 



