RUGS 



5102 



RUM 



within a few years extended to all the leading 

 public schools of the country. He did not 

 revolutionize the existing systems so much as 

 he humanized them. He impressed his blame- 

 less life and strong personality upon every 

 phase of the school's activities; he trusted the 

 boys and made the upper classmen responsible 



RUISDAEL, rois'dahl, JACOB. See RUYSDAEL, 

 JACOB. 



RULERS OF THE WORLD. In the table 

 below are listed the names of the rulers of the 

 world, according to the status of each country 

 in 1917. Each country listed is described un- 

 der its title in these volumes : 



Permanent governments forming in 1919. 



for their own conduct and that of the boys 

 in the lower forms. He emphasized the value 

 of a religious and moral life and directed all 

 the energies of the school to the building of 

 character. His teaching and his sermons were 

 an inspiration. Rugby soon became known 

 from one end of England to the other, and 

 to-day it is one of the most widely known 

 schools in the world. The students number 

 about 600, and the studies are mainly classical, 

 but modern tendencies are making changes in 

 the old order of subjects. Arnold's influence 

 still remains, and no school stands above 

 Rugby in scholarship and character. Rugby 

 has. become known to almost every schoolboy 

 through Tom Brown's School Days, by Thomas 

 Hughes, one of the school's most famous gradu- 

 ates. See ARNOLD, THOMAS. 



Consult Tom Brown's School Days, noted 

 above, and Rouse's History of Rugby School. 



RUGS. See CARPETS AND RUGS. 



RUM, a strong alcoholic drink, produced 

 mainly from molasses. The word is an ab- 

 breviation of rumbooze, rum being an Asiatic 

 word for good, and booze a derivation of the 

 German bausen, meaning to guzzle. The liq- 

 uor is made by fermenting and distilling mo- 

 lasses and the refuse from the making of cane 

 sugar. When first produced, rum is white and 

 transparent, but is given a dark brown color 

 by the addition of caramel and by being stored 

 in casks that have contained sherry. Its 

 strength and flavor increase greatly with age, 

 and a cask that has been stored for as long 

 as ten years will bring a higher price than 

 almost any other form of alcoholic beverage. 

 The finest quality is now produced in Jamaica, 

 and takes its name from that island. It is an 

 exceedingly strong liquor, containing sometimes 

 as much as eighty-two per cent of alcohol, 

 and should never be used except for medicinal 

 purposes. See BACTERIA AND BACTERIOLOGY. 



