RUTH 



5129 



RUTILE 



and the grain is of inferior quality. Rust is 

 propagated by minute spores. These spores 

 survive the winter and begin to grow in the 

 spring, but unless they are carried to a bar- 

 berry bush or some other plant from which 

 they can derive nourishment they soon die. 

 A field infested with rust one season seldom 

 escapes the next, and the only successful 

 method of preventing a second disaster consists 

 in ridding the field of the spores. 



After the harvest, burn the stubble and all 

 infested straw. If this straw is used for litter, 

 it will be carried in the manure to other fields 

 and infest them with rust. If possible, plant 

 the field with some other crop the following 

 season. A tillage crop, such as corn or pota- 

 toes, is best. Hard, red wheat resists rust bet- 

 ter than the soft, white varieties and a change 

 from a soft, to a hard variety will often prevent 

 the spread of the disease. Never sow wheat on 

 stubble land where rust has been abundant, for 

 the ground is full of spores which will find 

 lodgment in the new crop. 



Consult Massee's Mildews, Rusts and Smuts. 



RUTH, rooth, a book of the Old Testament, 

 an exquisite narrative of Hebrew rural life "at 

 the time when the judges judged." Ruth is 

 also the name of the heroine of the story. She 

 was a Moabitish damsel, the widow of an Is- 

 raelite whose family had taken refuge from 

 famine in Moab. Ruth's affection for Naomi, 

 her husband's mother, and her loyalty to the 

 family into which she had married, are re- 

 vealed in her answer to Naomi's plea that 

 she return to her own home : 



Intreat me not to leave thee, 



Or to return- from following after thee : 

 whither thou goest, I will go; 



And where thou lodgest, I will .lodge: 

 Thy people shall be my people, 



And thy God my God : 

 Where thou dlest, will I die, 



And there will I be burled : 

 The Lord do so to me, and more also* 



If aught but death part me and thee. 



Then the two women journeyed to the land 

 of Judah. Ruth's fine qualities came to the 

 notice of Boaz, a wealthy landowner of Beth- 

 I. IP in. in whose fields she gleaned. As a kins- 

 man of Naomi, he showed her many acts of 

 courtesy and later made her his wife. Thus the 

 alien maid became the grandmother of King 

 David and direct ancestress in the Messianic 



lllir. 



RUTHENIANS, ruthe'nlam, or LITTLE 

 RUSSIANS, the name given the Slav inhabit- 

 ants of Southern Russia and Austria on both 



sides of the Carpathian Mountains. There are 

 in all about 20,000,000, and one-fourth of them 

 reside in Galicia. The majority are character- 

 ized by short stature, chestnut hair and brown 

 eyes. They speak the Russian language and 

 most of them belong to the United Greek 

 Church. Previous to the seventeenth century 

 they were an independent people. They were 

 then conquered by the Lithuanians and later 

 by the Poles, and their territory was annexed 

 to Poland. When Poland was divided they 

 came under the control of Russia and Austria. 

 Most of them are agriculturists, but they ad- 

 here to old methods and employ implements 

 long since discarded by more progressive peo- 

 ples. Lemberg is their chief city. See GALICIA. 

 RUTH'ERFORD, ALEXANDER CAMERON (1855- 



), a Canadian barrister and statesman, first 

 premier of Alberta, from 1905 to 1911. He was 

 born at Osgoode, Carleton County, Ontario, at- 

 tended the Metcalfe High School and Wood- 

 stock College, and was graduated from McGill 

 University. After he was called to the bar in 

 1885, he practiced law at Ottawa for ten years, 

 removing to Alberta. There he became active 

 in the Liberal party, and was for several years 

 secretary-treasurer of the town of Strathcona 

 and of the Strathcona school district. In 1902 

 he was elected to the Northwest assembly, and 

 during its last sessions was deputy speaker. 

 In 1905, on the organization of the province of 

 Alberta, Rutherford formed the first cabinet, 

 he himself assuming the portfolios of the treas- 

 ury and education in addition to the premier- 

 ship. During the Rutherford administration 

 the entire governmental machinery was set in 

 motion, the public school and judicial system 

 were established, a government-owned tele- 

 phone system was introduced, and liberal aid 

 extended to railways and other industrial en- 

 terprises. The downfall of the Rutherford 

 ministry was caused in 1911 by the proposal to 

 build the Alberta and Great Waterways Rail- 

 way under terms which wore criticized as dis- 

 advantageous to the public interest. After his 

 resignation from the premiership Rutherford 

 continued to serve in the assembly. His suc- 

 cessor as premier was Arthur L. Sifton (which 

 see). 



RUTILE, TOO' til, a beautiful reddish or yel- 

 lowish-red mineral that sometimes occurs in 

 transparent quartz, in the form of hairlike crys- 

 tals. It imparts to the quartz the appearance 

 of having colored threads extended through it. 

 Rutile also occurs in larger masses in some of 



'Icier rocks in Sweden, in the Ural Moun- 



