RUTLAND 



;>i3o 



RUYSDAEL 



tains and in the United States. It is employed 

 for imparting a yellow color to glass and por- 

 celain, and some of the fin 

 polished and set, forming beautiful gems. 



RUT 'LAND, VT.. 



be center of the greatest marble industry 

 in the l"i. ounty seat of 



Rutland County, and is 'nil 



part of ti n Otter (.'reek. Burlington 



iL'ht miles n>: BeiffliDgton is 



fifty-seven miles southwest. Boston is 168 miles 



theasl and Mon'r-:il ifl K)S nule< nortlr, 

 The Rutland, the 1 v Hudson and the 



Clarendon & Pittsford railways enter the city, 

 and electric lines connect with adjacent towns 

 . In population, Rutland ranks next to 

 Burlington, the metropolis of the state. The 

 population increased from 13,546 in 1910 to 

 14.831 in 1916 (Federal estimate). The area 

 exceeds eight square miles. 



Rutland lies near some of the loftiest peaks 

 of the Green Mountains, famed for their for- 

 lad slopes, and in a fertile valley noted 

 for its maple sugar, maple syrup, honey and 

 dairy products. More important than these 

 sources of prosperity are the great marble 

 quarries of the vicinity. The weight of marble 

 quarried annually in the county is estimated 

 at 90,000 tons, exclusive of waste. Three- 

 fourths of the marble-working machinery used 

 in the United States is made at Rutland. Be- 

 sides, the city has large plants for making scales, 

 utensils used in the maple sugar industry, and 

 stone-working machinery. Almost all kinds of 

 foundry and machine-shop products are made 

 here, and paper and fire clay are also produced, 

 noteworthy architectural features of Rut- 

 land are Memorial Hall, built of marble, a Fed- 

 eral building which cost $107,000, the county 

 courthouse, the city hall, the City Hospital 

 and the House of Correction. In addition to 

 public and parochial schools there are Saint 

 Joseph's Academy, the public library and the 

 II II Baxter Memorial Library. 



The first settlement was made in 1770, and 

 for many years it was claimed by both New 

 II -rjipshire and New York. In 1772 the village 

 was chartered as Socialborouph, but the name 

 was not retained. In 1781 Rutland became the 

 county seat, and from 1784 until 1804 it was 

 one of the two capitals of Vermont. In 1892 

 it was chartered as a city. From it, in 1886, 

 the towns of Proctor and West Rutland were 

 set off under separate governments. 



RUTLEDGE, rut'lej, JOHN (1739-1800), the 

 first state governor of South Carolina and one 



of the great figures of Revolutionary days. He 

 horn in Charleston, S. C. From the very 

 beginning of the trouble with England he was 

 an influential leader on the side of the colonies, 

 and was one of the first to urge actual inde- 

 pendence. He represented South Carolina in 

 the Stamp Act Congress and again in the first 

 Continental Congress, and when, in 1774, the 

 colony declared itself an independent state. 

 Rutledge served on the committee which drafted 

 its constitution and became its first executive, 

 with the title of president. 



It was largely through his foresight and pa- 

 triotic ardor that Charleston was so fortified 

 as to be able to repel the first British attack 

 in 1775. When the English captured the city in 

 1780, after a two months' siege, Governor Rut- 

 ledge joined the army of Nathanael Greene in 

 North Carolina. At the close of the war he 

 again served in Congress, being a member of 

 the convention which framed the Constitution 

 of the United States. He was successively As- 

 sociate Justice of the national Supreme Court, 

 chief justice of the supreme court of South 

 Carolina, and Chief Justice of the United States 

 Supreme Court. In the latter capacity he had 

 presided over only one term when his reason 

 failed, and the Senate never confirmed his ap- 

 pointment. 



RUYSDAEL, or RUISDAEL, rois ' dahl, JACOB 

 (about 1628-1682), Holland's foremost painter 

 of landscape. Though his canvases often give 

 a suggestion of melancholy, because of his fond- 

 ness for painting clouded skies, dark masses of 

 leaves and other somber aspects of nature, his 

 pictures have a charm that comes from poetic 

 and sympathetic treatment. In all of his work 

 the technique is admirable, both in the render- 

 ing of detail and in the execution of broad ef- 

 fects, and he always painted truthfully what he 

 saw. Ruysdael was born at Haarlem, where he 

 had as a teacher his uncle, Salomon Ruysdael. 

 His best work was accomplished in the period 

 between 1660 and 1675, in the city of Amster- 

 dam. The last years of his life were darkened 

 by poverty and illness, and he died in an alms- 

 house. 



Ruysdael painted with equal facility quiet, 

 flat landscapes, stormy seas and mountainous 

 scenery, though his favorite subjects were the 

 quiet scenes of his native Holland. Some of 

 the best examples of his work are View of Haar- 

 lem and Agitated Sea (Berlin Museum) ; Jewish 

 Cemetery (Dresden Gallery) ; Landscape with 

 Ruins (National Gallery, London) ; Storm at 

 Sea (Louvre). The Metropolitan Museum in 



