SAC 



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SACRAMENTO 



One organization, known as the Industrial 

 Workers of the World (the "I. W. W ."), does 

 not deny that on occasion it has advised sabo- 

 tage. E.D.F. 



SAC, sak, or SAUK, sairk, a warlike tribe 

 of the Algonquian family, who were persist- 

 ently hostile to early white Black Hawk 

 (which see), their y \vas one of 

 the most famous Indians of American history. 

 French explorers found the tribe in Northern 

 .sin. in tl.- it of the seventeenth 

 century. The Sacs and t heir kinsmen, the Foxes, 

 who also lived in that region, were driven south- 

 ward by the Ojibwa. and ultimately the two 

 kindred tribes formed a confederacy. These 

 Indians were gradually forced west of the Mis- 

 sissippi River, and the few remaining live in 

 Kansas and Oklahoma. See Fox. 



SACCHARIN, sak'arin, a white, odorless 

 r, a compound of coal tar, which when 

 pure is five hundred times sweeter than cane 

 sugar. It was discovered in 1879 by Dr. Con- 

 stantin Fahlberg, of Germany, and Ira Remsen, 

 a noted American chemist, and was later pat- 

 ented in Europe and in the United States. The 

 manufactured product often contains a large 

 percentage of impurities which considerably 

 lessen its sweetening power. It is sold usually 

 in tablet form. Saccharin dissolves very little in 

 cold water, somewhat more in hot, and is thor- 

 oughly soluble in alcohol. Although it is so 

 much sweeter than sugar, it is not nearly equal 

 to the latter in food value. However, because 

 it does not ferment in the stomach it is often 

 given to persons having diabetes, where sugar 

 would be harmful. It is used chiefly -in candy 

 making, baking and preserving, and in the mak- 

 ing of cordials and mineral waters. 



SACHS, zahks, HANS (1494-1576), a German 

 poet, the most famous of the mastersingers. He 

 was born in Nuremberg, learned the trade of 

 shoemaking, and spent several years traveling 

 about the country as a journeyman shoemaker. 

 He had received a good education and followed 

 this with instruction in the art of the master- 

 singers, 80 that his songs, fables and dramas 

 soon became famous. In 1516 he settled in 

 Nuremberg, where he remained for the rest of 

 his life. The doctrines of Luther interested 

 him greatly, and he wrote in support of the 

 Reformation, always contending for peace and 

 moderation. The works of Sachs are not only 

 better, but more numerous, than those of any 

 other mastersinger. Altogether, including tales 

 and fables in verse, dramas, hymns and songs, 

 he left not fewer than 6,300 pieces. These show 



humor as well as sentiment, and though he had 

 always some didactic purpose in mind, it is not 

 unpleasantly apparent. See MASTERSINGERS. 



SACKVILLE, a town in Westmoreland 

 County, New Brunswick, in the southeastern 

 part of the province. It is on the Tantramar 

 River, about five miles from its mouth in Chig- 

 necto Bay, and on the main line of the Inter- 

 colonial Railway. It is also the terminus of the 

 Intercolonial^ Shediac branch, which connects 

 with the Prince Edward Island ferry at Cape 

 Tormentine. Moncton is thirty-eight miles 

 northwest of Sackville by rail, Cape Tormen- 

 tine is thirty-six miles northeast, and Truro is 

 eighty-six miles southeast. Population in 1911, 

 2,039; in 1916, about 2,300. 



Sackville is well known as the seat of Mount 

 Allison University and Ladies' College. It is 

 also a manufacturing center, having several 

 large stove, harness and shoe factories. Less 

 important are the carriage works, paper-box 

 factory and woodworking plant. The town has 

 a considerable trade in coal, lumber, molasses 

 and sugar. The neighborhood supplies stone 

 and lumber, especially spruce and some hard 

 woods, and is also a fertile farming district. 

 Sackville was incorporated as a town in 1903. 



SACO RIVER, saw'ko, a river which rises in 

 the White Mountains of New Hampshire, flows 

 through Crawford Notch and southeast through 

 Maine, emptying into the Atlantic by way of 

 Saco Bay. It is a swift-flowing stream, about 

 105 miles in length, and has many beautiful 

 rapids and falls. These render it useless for 

 navigation, but furnish excellent water power. 

 At the town of Saco, Me., there is a waterfall 

 forty-two feet high, which provides power for 

 several cotton and woolen mills and brick fac- 

 tories. 



SACRAMENT, sak'rament, in the Christian 

 Church, a solemn observance instituted for the 

 spiritual benefit of the participants. In the 

 Eastern and Roman Catholic Churches there 

 are seven sacraments Baptism, Confirmation, 

 Holy Eucharist, Penance, Extreme Unction, 

 Holy Orders and Matrimony. Most Protes- 

 tant Churches recognize only two Baptism and 

 the Eucharist, or the Lord's Supper. Quakers 

 reject all sacraments as unnecessary formalities. 

 As to the meaning of the sacraments, Roman 

 Catholics consider them effective, in themselves, 

 for salvation. Most Protestant Churches re- 

 gard them as visible signs of a covenant be- 

 tween God and the individual. 



SACRAMENTO, sak ra men' toh, CAL., the 

 state capital and the county seat of Sacramento 



