SACRAMENTO 



5137 



SACRIFICE 



County, beautifully situated along the Sacra- 

 mento River in the north-central part of the 

 state, ninety miles northeast of San Francisco. 

 It is served by the Southern Pacific and West- 

 ern Pacific railroads and by an extensive sys- 

 tem of electric interurban lines. Its popula- 

 tion increased from 44,696 in 1910 to 66,895 

 (Federal estimate) in 1916. Among this num- 

 ber are Japanese, Chinese and Hindus. The 

 area of the city is about fourteen square miles. 

 The fine state capitol, completed in 1869 at 

 a cost of $2,500,000, stands in a park of thirty- 

 four acres in the center of the city. Plans 

 were being perfected in 1917 to enlarge the 

 capitol grounds and erect other buildings to 

 cost $3,000,000. The city has a Federal build- 

 ing, erected in 1894 at a cost of $500,000 and 

 enlarged in 1912 at a cost of $150,000; a city 

 hall, courthouse, Crocker Art Gallery, Y. M. 

 C. A. building, the Foresters, Fruit Exchange 

 and Forum buildings, Masonic, Elks' and Odd 

 Fellows' buildings, the Women's and Sutter 

 clubs, and Travelers' and Sacramento hotels. 

 The parked area exceeds 1,000 acres, and in- 

 cludes Capitol Park, McKinley, South Side, 

 Del Paso and many smaller parks. The State 

 Agricultural Society conducts the annual state 

 fair at Sacramento. Educational and benevo- 

 lent institutions include the state library, one 

 of the largest on the coast, the public and the 

 Odd Fellows' libraries, Christian Brothers' Col- 

 lege, Howe's Academy, Saint Joseph's Academy, 

 the Marguerite Home and the Protestant Or- 

 phan Asylum, and the Southern Pacific Rail- 

 road and county hospitals. 



The city is in one of the most productive 

 agricultural regions of the state, the Sacra- 

 mento River Valley. The annual harvest of 

 fruit (citrus and deciduous) and nuts in Sacra- 

 mento County is worth approximately $2,500,- 

 000. Establishments connected with the fruit 

 business are among the city's most important 

 industrial plants. The value of manufactured 

 products is about $14,000,000 a year, represent- 

 ing the output of canneries, flour mills, irri-t- 

 mills, foundries and machine shops, slaughtering 

 and meat-packing establishments, and manufac- 

 tories of harness and saddles, carriages, furni- 

 ture, soap and other commodities. Both rail- 

 roads have shops here; the Southern Pacific 

 shops employ 3,500 men. 



After obtaining a grant of land from the 

 Mexican government, Captain John A. Sutter, 

 with a few trappers and Indians, made a set- 

 tlement on the site of Sacramento in 1839. 

 The founder called it New Helvetia, but it was 

 322 



popularly known as Suiters Fort; it was the 

 first settlement in California reached by the 

 overland immigrants. The fort itself has been 

 restored. In 1848 the town was planned; it was 

 incorporated the following year, was chosen as 

 the state capital in 1854 and became a city in 

 1863. The commission form of government 

 was adopted in 1912. During its early years 

 the city suffered from floods, but a levee along 

 the river has removed this danger. The stream 

 is now crossed by several fine bridges within 

 the city limits. S.G.A. 



SACRAMENTO RIVER, the largest river in 

 California, which drains a fertile valley in the 

 northern half of the state, where the oldest set- 

 tlements are located. It rises on the western 

 slope of beautiful Mount Shasta and flows 

 south into Suisun Bay, on the boundary be- 

 tween Contra Costa and Solano counties. The 

 San Joaquin and Pitt rivers, the latter some- 

 times called the Upper Sacramento, are its 

 principal tributaries, but it receives numerous 

 other smaller ones from the gold-mining dis- 

 tricts. The Sacramento is about 600 miles long, 

 and its drainage basin has an area of 27,100 

 square miles. It is navigable for small boats 

 to Red Bluff, about 300 miles above its mouth, 

 and for large vessels to the city of Sacramento 

 (see above). 



SACRED COLLEGE, sa'kred kol'ej, the en- 

 tire body of cardinals, who are appointed by 

 the Pope and share with him in the govern- 

 ment of the Roman Catholic Church. In dig- 

 nity and influence they are second only to the 

 Pontiff himself. Their number has varied from 

 time to time, present usage fixing it at seventy, 

 of whom six are bishops, fifty are priests, and 

 fourteen, deacons. Generally speaking, their 

 duties consist in administering the affairs of the 

 Church, under the direction of the Pope. The 

 greatest responsibility of the Sacred College, 

 however, falls upon its members on the death 

 of a Pontiff, when they assemble to elect his 

 successor. In order to hasten their agreement, 

 as well as to protect them from outside influ- 

 ences, they are subjected to strict discipline 

 during this period; the ceremony befitting thru 

 rank is foregone, and they are debarred from 

 intercourse with the public. For a discussion 

 of the office of cardinal, and a list of American 

 members of the Sacred College, see the article 

 CARDINAL. O.W.M. 



SACRIFICE, aak'rifac, an offering to God 

 for the purpose of communion, thanksgiving or 

 means of atonement for sin, based on the idea 

 that worship should consist not merely in words 



