SAINT BERNARD 



5146 



SAINT BONIFACE 



citizens. The number win > :-.ously 



-::ig from 2,000 to 100,000. 



Hclated Sni> i--t*. The foll<> les in 



lumes contain furtlu-r infnrinat !<:. 

 the Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day : 

 Catharine ^ France, subl : 



.1 / r<ir* 



I 



nots 



a 1m -I'd of large 

 developed by the monks of the monasti TV of 

 Saint Bernard, located in | - Alps. This 



dangerous pass, and 

 its inmates breed and train the dogs to rescue 



Charles IX 

 Coligny. C.aspai 



SAINT BERNARD 



SAINT BERNARD DOG 



travelers lost in the snow and ice. So keen is 

 the scent and so remarkable the intelligence of 

 these animals that they have been the means 

 of saving countless lives. 



The Saint Bernards are the largest of domes- 

 tic dogs. Fine physical specimens are almost 

 three feet high and weigh 150 pounds. The 

 body is well built, erect and muscular, the back 

 broad, the legs large and strong, the head im- 

 posing and the expression intelligent. Two 



;es are seen, the smooth-coated and the 



shaggy-coated. The coat is usually white, with 



s of black or tawny. Every day the 



monks Fend the dogs out to test passageways 



i mgerous chasms, trackless wastes of snow 

 nlous glaciers. In their rescue work they 



.ded by the keenness of their sense of 

 MIK 11. which enables them to detect a body 

 buried under several feet of snow. A flask of 

 brandy is usually tied about the neck of a dog 

 for the benefit of half-frozen travelers, and the 

 rescuers call for assistance by loud and pro- 

 longed barking. The reader will find an inter- 

 esting outline for an essay on the Saint Bernard 

 on page 1829. 



SAINT BERNARD, bcrnahrd', GREAT, a fa- 

 mous pass over the Alps, now noted chiefly for 

 the hospice at its summit. The hospice was 

 founded in the eleventh century by Saint Ber- 

 nard of Mcnthon and has been maintained by 

 the Austin (or Augustinian) canons since the 

 twelfth century as a refuge for travelers. With 

 the aid of their famous dogs (see SAINT BKK- 

 NAHD) the good priests save the lives of many 

 wayfarers in the winter months. Most of tin- 

 guests in winter are Italian workmen who are 

 too poor to pay railroad fare. 



In the summer and autumn many fon 

 visit the hospice. It now has accommodations 

 for over 300 people, but nobody is ever allowed 

 to spend longer than one day there except in 

 the case of illness, injury or terrible winter 

 storms. The visitor announces his arrival l>y 

 ringing a great bell which hangs in the entrance 

 hall, and before its clanging echoes have died 

 away in the distant corridors a priest appears 

 to ask his wishes. No payment is permitted for 

 food and lodging, but every visitor is expected 

 to place a contribution, according to his means, 

 in a little box in the chapel. So severe is the 

 life of the priests in the winter that only young 

 men are chosen for this service. When they 

 reach the age of thirty or thirty-five the alti- 

 tude (8,100 feet) and the severity of the 

 winter usually force the priests to retire to the 

 mother-house at Martigny, in the Rhone Val- 

 ley. 



From Martigny an excellent carriage road 

 runs over the pass to Aosta, Italy, a distance of 

 fifty-three miles. It was by this route, then 

 traversed only by a bridle path, that Napoleon 

 led an army of 30,000 men with baggage and 

 artillery to invade Italy. 



Saint Bernard, Little. About fifteen miles 

 southwest of the Great Saint Bernard is an- 

 other pass, the Little Saint Bernard. At its 

 summit is also a hospice founded by Bernard 

 of Menthon and now maintained by the Auslin 

 canons. This pass is the easiest route by which 

 the Alps may be crossed, and has a good car- 

 riage road. It rises to a height of 7,170 feet 

 above the sea, and is ten miles south of Mount 

 Blanc, the highest peak in Europe. Some his- 

 torians state that Hannibal, in an expedition 

 against Rome, crossed the Alps by way of the 

 Little Saint Bernard. W.F.Z. 



SAINT BONIFACE, bon'ijace, a city in 

 Manitoba, on the Red River directly east of 

 and opposite the city of Winnipeg. Connecting 

 Winnipeg with Saint Boniface are six bridges, 

 the largest of which, the new Broadway Bridge, 



