SAINT-CYR 



5149 



SAINT ELIAS MOUNTAINS 



Saint Cloud is popularly known as the Gran- 

 ite City, because of its immense granite depos- 

 its. Quarrying, cutting and polishing the gran- 

 ite constitute the leading industry; the yearly 

 output is valued at $1,200,000. The color of 

 the stone varies from black to light, delicate 

 tints, and it is widely used in the construction 

 of important public buildings. The city has 

 also paper mills and railroad and machine 

 shops. Electrical energy is supplied by power 

 plants on the river. 



Saint Cloud has a Federal building and a 

 Carnegie Library, and is the seat of the state 

 reformatory and of a state normal school, the 

 r equipped with buildings costing $300,000. 

 The place was settled in 1852, and in 1868 it 

 became a city. The commission plan of gov- 

 ernment was adopted in 1912. The waterworks 

 are owned by the municipality. P.J.S. 



SAINT-CYR, saN seer', LAURENCE GOUVION, 

 Marquis de (1764-1830), a famous soldier, mar- 

 shal of France. Born at Toul, he entered the 

 army as a volunteer in 1792, taking a conspicu- 

 ous part in the campaigns on the Rhine and 

 in Holland. In 1798 he was sent to take com- 

 mand of the army in Italy, succeeding Massena. 

 His reorganization of the army and brilliant 

 campaign established his reputation and in 1800 

 he returned to Germany and won a decisive 

 victory at Biberach. His military ability was 

 at once seen by Napoleon who, after employing 

 him as ambassador to Spain in 1801, sent him 

 again to Italy as commander of the army of 

 occupation in Naples. The favor of Napoleon 

 being withdrawn he resigned in 1809. For the. 

 invasion of Russia it was impossible to over- 

 look his merits, and he was reinstated, proving 

 the justice of Napoleon's selection by winning 

 a brilliant victory at Polotek. In 1813, in the 

 battle of Dresden, he was captured. At the 

 end of hostilities he returned to France, and 

 after the downfall of Napoleon served for two 

 tf-n n* :i< Mini-tor of War. 



SAINT-DENIS, saN' dene', a suburb of 

 Paris in the Metropolitan Department of Seine, 

 t\v<> miles north of the limits of the French 

 capital. The town is well protected by ram- 

 parts and a fort, and is one of the outer de- 

 fenses of Paris. It is noted for its beau ti nil 

 abbey church, one of the finest examples of 

 Gothic architecture in France. This church is 

 on the site of one built in the seventh century 

 by Dagobert I, which was used as a mausoleum 

 for the rulers of France until the French Revo- 

 lution. In 1793 tho building was partially de- 

 stroyed and the bodies were removed from Un- 



royal tombs, but the church was later restored 

 to its former grandeur. Napoleon founded in 

 Saint-Denis an institution for the free educa- 

 tion of women who were related to the officers 

 of the Legion of Honor. Industrially the town 

 is important for its great annual sheep fair. 

 The chief industrial plants are cotton and flour 

 mills, dyeworks and bleacheries and chemical 

 factories. Population in 191 1 , 71 ,759. 



SAINTE ANNE DE BEAUPRE, bo pro', a* 

 village in Montmorency County, Quebec, on 

 the north bank of the Saint Lawrence River, 

 at its junction with the Sainte Anne. It is 

 twenty-one miles northeast of Quebec, on an 

 interurban electric railroad. It is an impor- 

 tant lumbering center, and has about a dozen 

 sawmills, but is better known for its famous 

 shrine. For over two centuries Sainte Anne 

 has been famous as a Roman Catholic shrine, 

 and many miraculous cures are said to have 

 been performed. The permanent population of 

 the village is about 2,000 (2,066 in 1911), but 

 on feast days, especially that of Sainte Anne 

 (July 26), over 25,000 people have often been 

 present. About 200,000 pilgrims visit the vil- 

 lage each year. 



SAINTE-BEUVE, saNt' buv' , CHARLES 

 AUGUSTIN (1804-1869), a French essayist, influ- 

 ential as a literary critic, was born at Boulogne- 

 sur-Mer, and educated there and at Paris. He 

 practiced medicine a short time, but by 1827 

 had written such excellent newspaper articles 

 as to attract the attention of Victor Hugo, and 

 the introductions to famous writers thus gained 

 led him to devote his entire time to literatim 1 . 

 He wrote three volumes of highly finished but 

 rather morbid poetry and one novel, VoluptS. 

 showing his religious unrest; but his fame rests 

 upon more than fifty volumes of critical and 

 biographical articles. A warm partisan of Na- 

 poleon III, he was chosen by the Emperor as 

 professor of Latin poetry at the College de 

 France, but was so shamefully mistreated by 

 anti-imperialist students that he resigned. His 

 keen appreciation of the permanently good, his 

 vast knowledge and delicate, precise style place 

 him among the leading literary critics in any 

 language. 



SAINT ELI 'AS MOUNTAINS, a broad 

 chain of mountains, with many peaks and 

 ridges, extending from the southeastern part of 

 Alaska into the northwestern part of Canada. 

 This range gives off many prodigious glaciers, 

 the largest being the Malaspina. Owing to cli- 

 n.nditions prevalent in this region it 

 rains almost every day on the lower slopes and 



