SAINT ELMO'S FIRE 



5150 



SAINT GAUDENS 



snows on most days above an altitude of 4.500 

 feet. Mount Logan, the highest point, i 

 an altitude of 19.500 fe. ling to the 



measurements of Pi 



who named the peak. Mount Saint Elias is 

 . luiirht. towering 18.026 feet above the 

 sea. The majestic beauty of the latter is best 

 appreciated when viewed from the Pacific 

 Ocean; the seaward slope is exceedingly steep 

 and is covered with glaciers. It was discov- 

 ered and named in 1741, by Bering, a German 

 navigator in the Russian service, but was not 

 explored until 1874. when the United States, 

 which had purchased Alaska from Russia in 

 1867, sent an expedition to examine the glaciers 

 encircling the mountain. The first ascent to 

 the summit was made in 1897 by the Duke of 

 the Abruzzi. Other peaks of the chain are 

 Mount Fainvoather, Mount Cook and Mount 

 Vancouver. 



SAINT EL'MO'S FIRE, the name given to 

 an electrical display in the form of a circle of 

 light sometimes seen, especially in Southern 

 regions, during thunderstorms, about the masts 

 of ships, at the tops of spires and trees, on the 

 manes of horses and occasionally about human 

 heads. Among the Greeks the phenomenon was 

 the basis of the myth of Castor and Pollux, 

 and was regarded by sailors as a friendly omen. 

 See CASTOR AND POLLUX. 



SAINT ETIENNE, saN' tatyen' , an impor- 

 tant town in Southern France, famous for its 

 ribbon manufactories, whose annual output, 

 valued at about $12,000,000, is shipped to all 

 parts of the world. The town is in the depart- 

 ment of Loire, of which it is the capital, 

 and is situated on both banks of the Furens, 

 t hirty-six miles southwest of Lyons. This stream 

 furnishes the valuable water power which pro- 

 motes the extensive manufactories, and its 

 waters are peculiarly adapted to the tempering 

 of iron and steel. The first industry of the 

 town, sword making, was introduced in 1535. 

 The ribbon factories are famous to-day; they 

 contain over 30,000 looms, and the ribbons are 

 unrivaled in beauty of design, richness and 

 delicacy of color. 



The houses in the newer part of the town 

 are without architectural harmony. The build- 

 ings are of white sandstone, which has become 

 dingy from the smoke of many factories. The 

 most interesting building is the Industrial Mu- 

 seum, where are exhibited specimens of the 

 manufactures and other products of the town, 

 and minerals and fossils of the neighborhood. 

 Saint Etienne is located on a large coal field, 



and about 600,000 tons of coal are mined annu- 

 ally. Extensive coaling establishments, blast 

 furnaces and cutlery works are kept in constant 

 :on, besides factories which supply most 

 of the muskets of the French armies. Popu- 

 lation, 1911, 148.650. 



SAINT GAUDENS, gaw'dem, AUGUSTUS 

 (1848-1907), the greatest of American sculptors, 

 ranks among the world's foremost workers in 

 the field of plastic art. Although Irish by birth, 

 he has expressed for his adopted countrymen 

 their feelings and aspirations in the famous 

 Sherman equestrian statue, Central Park, New 

 York City, the Shaw Memorial, Boston Com- 

 mon, and the Lincoln statue, Lincoln Park, 

 Chicago. 



Saint Gaudens was brought to America from 

 Dublin when but three months old. He left 

 school in New York City at the age of thirteen 



"GRIEF" 



In this monument, in Rock Creek Cemetery, 

 Washington, D. C.. Saint Gaudens "set the mark 

 of authentic individuality on a universal emotion. 

 This figure is worthy to rank with the work of 

 Michelangelo." 



to work for a cameo cutter, and he studied 

 drawing at night in Cooper Institute. When he 

 was twenty he went abroad, studying for six 

 years in Paris and later in Rome. His earliest 

 work was Hiawatha, done while he was in Rome. 

 While in Paris in 1878 he completed the noble 



