SAINT JOHNS 



5154 



SAINT JOSEPH 



Smaller steamers ascend beyond Fredericton to 

 Woodstock, sixty 111; r. and occasion- 



ally, at high water, to the Grand Falls. Above 

 the falls the riv lo for forty 



burton Treaty (which 



see) navigation is free to citizens of tin 1 United 

 ida. The river pro- 

 :or manufacturing and is 

 i important factor in the lumber indus- 

 try. 



The Reversing Falls. At Saint John, just be- 

 fore the n. Bay of Fundy, is the 

 phenomenon known as t rsing Falls. 

 The river valley contracts into a narrow gorge, 

 in which the river falls seventeen feet. At low 

 tide the river above the gorge is twelve feet 

 higher than the water level in the harbor; then 

 the current is downward. At high tide, how- 

 he harbor level is five feet higher than 

 the river, and the current through the gorge 

 flows upstream. Thus with every turn of the 

 .so rapids or falls are reversed, and only 

 for a brief period between the ebb and flood 

 can the gorge be passed by steamers. H.V.B. 



SAINT JOHNS, the capital city of New- 

 foundland. It is situated at the southeastern 

 end of the island, on the east, or Atlantic side, 

 ni" the Avalon peninsula. It is the chief set- 

 tlement on the island, handles the bulk of the 

 exports and imports for the colony, and is also 

 a manufacturer of nets, ship bread, iron and 

 boots and shoes. Oil refining and tanning are 

 other industries. The chief industries are all 

 connected with the fisheries, including the whale 

 and seal fisheries of the North Atlantic. Popu- 

 lation in 1911, 32592; in 1916, about 35,000. 



The city lies for the most part north of a 

 large, landlocked harbor, which is visible for 

 only a short distance from the seaside. The 

 entrance to the harbor, the Narrows, widens 

 from 570 feet, at the narrowest point, to 2,160 

 feet. On both the north and south sides are hills, 

 which are important features in the fortifica- 

 tions. Around the harbor are docks, wharves, 

 warehouses and a marine railway. Dominat- 

 ing the city is the Roman Catholic cathedral, 

 perched on a hill 225 feet above the sea. There 

 .ire also an Anglican cathedral and several de- 

 nominational colleges (Roman Catholic, Angli- 

 can, Methodist and Presbyterian). The Parlia- 

 ment buildings, government house, public hos- 

 pifal, courthouse, market house and post office 

 are noteworthy structures. 



Saint Johns was founded in 1582 by Sir 

 Humphrey Gilbert. It was captured about a 

 century later (1696) by the French under Iber- 



ville, and again during the Seven Years' War. 

 but was finally ceded to Great Britain in 1763. 

 In 1892 a great fire destroyed property to the 

 value of $16,000,000. 



SAINT JOHNS, or SAINT JEAN, zhahn, a 

 town in Quebec, the county town of Saint Johns 

 County. It is situated twenty-seven miles south- 

 east of Montreal, and is on the Richelieu River 

 and the Grand Trunk, Central Vermont, Cana- 

 dian Pacific and Delaware & Hudson railways. 

 Saint Johns is the junction point of the Central 

 Vermont and Grand Trunk railways, which are 

 operated as a single system. The town has a 

 large lumber and grain trade, and manufactures 

 sewing machines, silks and silk thread, straw 

 hats, umbrellas, furniture, sewer tile and wax 

 tapers. Population in 1911, 5,903; in 1916, 

 about 6,500. 



SAINT JOSEPH, Mo., the county seat of 

 Buchanan County, is the third largest city in 

 the state, surpassed only by Saint Louis and 

 Kansas City. It had a population of 77,403 in 

 1910 and of 85,236 (Federal estimate) in 1916. 

 It is in the northwestern part of the state, on 

 the Missouri River, sixty miles north and west 

 of Kansas City and 300 miles northwest of 

 Saint Louis. Railroad lines entering the city 

 are the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, the Bur- 

 lington Route, the Chicago Great Western, the 

 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, the Missouri 

 Pacific and the Saint Joseph & Grand Island. 

 Electric interurban lines extend to Kansas City 

 and to suburban towns. The area of the city 

 exceeds thirteen square miles. 



Saint Joseph is built upon a somewhat hilly 

 site in the center of one of the most produc- 

 tive agricultural sections in the United States. 

 The prominent features are the Federal build- 

 ing, courthouse, $300,000 auditorium, Y. W. 

 C. A. and Y. M. C. A. buildings, the News- 

 Press building, Scottish Rite Cathedral, Ma- 

 sonic Temple, Elks' Club, the First Presbyte- 

 rian Church, a fine colonial structure, and other 

 churches. Besides the public library, the city 

 has Washington Park and Carnegie Branch li- 

 braries. The important hospitals include the 

 state insane, the Saint Joseph, the Enswortn 

 and the Noyes hospitals. Krug Park and Lake 

 Contrary are attractive pleasure resorts. A. fine 

 bridge spans the river at this point. 



Stockyards and packing plants, the leading 

 industrial establishments of Saint Joseph, give 

 employment to over 4,000 workers and do an 

 annual business worth $66,500,000. There is an 

 important live-stock market for cattle, hogs, 

 sheep, horses and mules, and the city manufac- 



