SAINT PAUL DE LOANDA 



5165 



SAINT PETER'S CHURCH 



Sioux, obtaining from them the grant of land 

 where Fort Snelling was built ten years later. 

 A scattering settlement was made about the 

 fort, and in 1841 Father Lucian Galtier and 

 Father A. Ravoux built a small log chapel on 

 the corner of the present Third and Minnesota 

 streets and dedicated it to Saint Paul. The 

 place became known as Paul's Landing and 

 then as Saint Paul. 



When Minnesota became a territory in 1849 

 Saint Paul was incorporated as a village and 

 was made the territorial capital, and continued 

 as the state capital when, in 1858, Minnesota 

 was admitted to the Union. It had become a 

 city in 1854. In 1914 the commission plan of 

 government was adopted. The water supply of 

 the city is obtained from several lakes to the 

 north, and the mains which draw the water, 

 which were constructed at a cost of $8,000,000, 

 are owned and operated by the municipality. 

 An excellent sewerage system and adequate 

 supervision of food and public health, together 

 with the supply of pure water, have combined 

 to make Saint Paul one of the most healthful 

 cities in the country. J.C.V.H. 



Consult Andrews' History of Saint Paul. 



SAINT PAUL DE LOANDA, loahridah, also 

 -ailed LOANDA, was the first settlement of the 

 Portuguese in West Africa (1576), and is now 

 the capital and chief city of the colony of An- 

 gola (which see). For two centuries it was the 

 center of slave trade between Portuguese West 

 Africa and Brazil, and at present is the center 

 of more than one-half the trade of Angola. 

 The fliirf exports are rubber, coffee, hides and 

 ivory. The harbor entrance is obstructed by a 

 sandbar, and large vessels unload their freight 

 into lighters. Population in 1913, estimated to 

 be 25,500. About 1,800 Europeans live here. 



SAINT PETERSBURG, pe'terzbcrg, the 

 name by whirh PKTROGRAD, the capital of Rus- 

 sia, was known prior to the autumn of 1914, 

 soon after the outbreak of the War of the Na- 

 tions. See PETROGRAD. 



SAINT PETERSBURG, FLA., in Pincllas 

 County, is a popular wint. r and summer resort 

 on the west-central coast of Florida. It is 

 twenty-one miles southwest of Tampa, on tin- 

 east coast of the peninsula which separates 

 Tampa Bay from the Gulf of Mexico, and M 

 served by the Atlantic Coast I tin- 



Tampa & Gulf Coast railroads. The city has 

 M fine beach and harbor, recreation pier and 

 bathing pool, a Federal building, Carnegie I.i 

 city hospital, hotels, churches and pri- 



vate residences. The principal occupations are 

 fishing, trucking and the raising and marketing 

 of citrus fruits. The resident population in 

 1910 was 4,127; this is greatly increased during 

 a few months each year by the tourist popula- 

 tion. In 1913 the commission plan of govern- 

 ment was adopted. A.N. 



SAINT PETER'S CHURCH, the largest and 

 most imposing Christian church in the world, 

 is situated in Rome. The approach to it is 

 through an open space, the Piazza di San Pie- 

 tro, which is elliptical in form, covers several 

 acres and is surrounded by colonnades, or cov- 

 ered driveways. In the center of this piazza 

 stands a red granite obelisk eighty feet in 

 height, which was brought from Egypt in the 

 days of Caligula, but was not erected here un- 

 til the sixteenth century, when the church was 

 in process of construction. 



The building of Saint Peter's was a slow 

 process. Constantine the Great built a basilica 

 on the site and dedicated it to Saint Peter, and 

 all through the Middle Ages this was preserved. 

 In the fourteenth century it showed signs of 

 decay, however, and plans were made for re- 

 building. Not until the sixteenth century was 

 the structure begun, and then the plans were 

 entirely changed. Bramante, the first architect 

 employed, designed the building in the form of 

 a Greek cross with a dome, and although the 

 architects who succeeded him made changes, 

 Michelangelo, who took charge of the work in 

 1546, followed more nearly the original plan. 

 During the eighteen years that the work was in 

 his hands great progress was made, and the 

 smallest details of the great cupola were worked 

 out, so that the architects who came after him 

 had little difficulty in completing his designs. 

 One important change was made in the plans 

 by an architect who took charge early in the 

 seventeenth century a change for the worse. 

 Of the original Greek cross he made a Latin 

 cross, with the long arm in front; and this Imp- 

 extension hides the dome of the building unless 

 the spectator is a full half mile away. Not un- 

 til 1626 was the building finished and dedicated. 



Within, the proportions arc such as to be 

 almost startling. The length is 613 feet, the 

 \\idth eighty-seven feet, and the dome rises to 

 a height of over 400 feet. About the walls there 

 are altars, chapels, tombs and innumerable 

 works of art; while beneath the center of thr 

 dome rises the high altar, at which only thr 

 Pope or a specially authorized cardinal may of- 

 ficiate; and above this towers the great bronze 

 canopy, ninety-five feet in height. The total 



