SALEM 



5171 



SALIC LAW 



armory and a public library established by tho 

 bequest of Captain John Bertram. The chari- 

 table and beneficent institutions include the 

 .iliiishouse, hospitals and asylums, and homes 

 for the aged. The parked areas of the city 

 comprise about 400 acres and include Washing- 

 ton Square, or the Common, in the center of 

 the town, and Gallows Hill, Highland, Mack, 

 the Willows and Forest River parks. 



Industry. The principal industries of Salem 

 are the manufacture of boots and shoes, leather, 

 foundry and machine-shop products, brass, 

 bronze and copper products and printing and 

 publishing. The products of all industries have 

 a total annual value of about $13,450,000. Sa- 

 lem is an important reshipping port for coal. 



History. Salem, originally called Naumkeag, 

 was founded in 1626 by Roger Conant and his 

 associates, and was the first settlement in 

 Massachusetts after Plymouth. In 1628 John 

 Endicott arrived with another group of settlers 

 and a charter under which he organized the 

 town. Roger Williams, a close friend of Endi- 

 cott's, was pastor of the Congregational Church 

 from 1634 to 1635. Perhaps Salem is best 

 known as the scene of the witchcraft delusion, 

 which raged in 1692 (see WITCHCRAFT). In 

 1774 the First Provincial Assembly of Massa- 

 chusetts met in Salem, and declared the inde- 

 pendence of the colony. Salem became a city 

 in 1835. Among its many distinguished citizens 

 have been Alexander Graham Bell, Joseph E. 

 Worcester, dictionary-maker, and Judge Joseph 

 Story. It is also the native city of W. H. Pres- 

 cott, the historian. V.T.S. 



Consult Powell's Historic Towns of New Eng- 

 land; gates' Old Sal- 



SALEM, OHIO, the center of a rich coal- 

 mining district in Columbiana County, in the 

 northeastern part of the state, thirteen miles 

 southeast of Alliance and twenty-eight miles 

 southwest of Youngstown. It is connected with 

 both of these cities by interurban lines, and is 

 on the Pennsylvania Company Railroad. In 

 1910 the population was 8,943; in 1916 it was 

 9,799 (Federal estimate). The area exceeds 

 three square miles. Salem has a Federal buil.l- 

 IIL'. a Carnegie Library, a fine high school 

 building and a public hospital. The principal 

 manufactures include steel, engines, motor boats 

 and automobile bodies, rubber tires, pumps, 

 nails, bath fixtures, china and gum. The place 

 was settled in 1807, incorporated as a village in 

 1830 and became a city in 1887. Before the 



of Secession it was a station of the Un 

 ground Railway. c.w.u. 



SALEM, ORE., the capital of the state and 

 the county seat of Marion County, situated in 

 the northwestern section of the state, on thr 

 Willamette River, twenty-seven miles north of 

 Albany and fifty-one miles southwest of Port- 

 land. Transportation is provided by the South- 

 ern Pacific and the Salem Falls City & Western 

 railroads and by the Oregon Electric, and there 

 is regular steamer connection with Portland. 

 The place was settled by Methodist missiona- 

 ries from Massachusetts in 1846, and it is sup- 

 posed they named it for the city of Salem, in 

 their home state. It was incorporated as a city 

 in 1853, and became the state capital in 1860. 

 Salem is the second city in the state in popula- 

 tion, ranking next to Portland. The population 

 increased from 14,094 in 1910 to 20,278 (Federal 

 estimate) in 1916. The area is six square miles. 



This attractive city, with fine, well-shaded 

 streets, is built on ground which slopes gently 

 from the river. Overlooking the city is the 

 massive state capitol, whose high dome may 

 be seen for a great distance. Among other 

 handsome structures are the Federal building, 

 Supreme Court building, city hall, the state in- 

 stitutions for the blind and the deaf mutes, thr 

 penitentiary, the reform school and the hospital 

 for the feeble-minded. The state fair grounds 

 are also located here. In addition to the pub- 

 lic schools, the city has Willamette University 

 (Methodist Episcopal), originally founded as 

 an Indian school but opened as a university 

 in 1844; the Academy of the Sacred Heart, the 

 Capital Business College, Kraps Normal School, 

 a Carnegie Library and the state library, with 

 103,000 volumes. At Chemawa, in the vicinity, 

 there is an industrial training school for In- 

 dians. Salem is the trade center for the fertile 

 Willamette Valley, a section having a large 

 yield of fruit, hops and wheat. There are thn-r 

 nberry-juice plants here, and large fruit 

 and hop driers, fruit-packing establishments 

 and flour, lumber and woolen mills. R.A.G. 



SALIC, sal'ik, LAW, a term applied to a law 

 in force in any country rendering it illegal for 

 a woman to on-ipy iho throne. This interpre- 

 tation was based on thr clause of the Barbarian 

 of thr Salian or Merovingian Franks, 

 which declared that "of Salic land no portion 

 of the inheritance shall come to a woman." 

 When this was drawn up, about A. D. 486, there 

 was no reference to the throne in the law, and 

 its first application as a pretext for keeping a 

 woman or her heirs off the throne appears to 

 have occurred in France during thn ftru^lr 

 between Philip VI and Edward III of England 



