SALON 



5175 



SALT 



and phenol. It is odorless and almost taste- 

 less. It does not dissolve in water, but dis- 

 solves readily in alcohol or ether. Salol is 

 employed in medicine as a remedy for rheu- 

 matism, neuralgia and such intestinal diseases 

 as cholera and jaundice. Combined with phe- 

 nacetin it forms aspirin, which is extensively 

 ') relieve pain. 



SALON, salawX', THE PARIS, a world- 

 famous exhibition of the works of living artists, 

 held every year at the two Palaces of the Fine 

 Arts, in Paris, from May 1 to June 22. The 

 exhibits consist of oil and water color paintings, 

 sculptured figures, engravings, pastels and etch- 

 ings. The prizes, consisting of medals and the 

 coveted Prize of Rome (Prix de Rome), are 

 awarded by a jury selected by ballot by the 

 exhibitors, who are organized under the name 

 Society of French Artists. The same jury de- 

 cides which works are worthy of exhibition, and 

 so all pieces entered are subjected to two tests. 

 In 1889 there was considerable dissatisfaction 

 over the awards, and a new society was or- 

 ganized (National Society of Fine Arts) which 

 holds an independent Salon from May 15 to 

 July 15 in the Champ de Mars (Field of 

 ft). It is known as the New Salon, as dis- 

 tinguished from the original, or Old, Salon. 



SALONIKI, sahlone'ke, a Greek seaport on 

 the Gulf of Saloniki, an arm of the Aegean Sea. 

 It is a picturesque and ancient city, with white 

 houses surrounded by white walls, clustering 

 elms and cypresses and mulberry trees, broad 

 streets paved with lava, and with the slender 

 minarets and towers of its mosques piercing the 

 >ky line. Its harbor is ample and is protected 

 by a great breakwater, and the city has railroad 

 connections with all Greek cities and with the 

 Balkan states at the north. 



But the most interesting thing about Saloniki 

 ;'s turbulent history. Ever since it was 

 founded in 315 B.C., it has been the scene of 

 successive invasions, conquests and massacres 

 by hostile peoples from the north and the west, 

 south and the east, and has been, at one 

 time or another, under the rule of practically 

 v adjacent country and nation. In 904 it 

 was invaded by the Saracens and 22,000 < 

 inhabitants were sold into M In 1430, in 



most desperate resistance, it was 

 taken fo: time by the Turks and 



was held by them until 1912, when it was re- 

 captured by the Greeks. 



As a neutral port and the shipping center for 



entire Balkan peninsula, Saloniki entered 



on a period of prosperity win n it Ml to the 



Greeks, such as it had never known before. In 

 the fall of 1915 it became necessary, however, 

 as a part of their plan of campaign, for the 

 allies to make a strong demonstration in Greece 

 against the Germanic powers, which had in- 

 vaded and conquered Serbia and Montenegro. 

 Accordingly, the allies blockaded the port of 

 Saloniki, accumulated enormous stores of food 

 in the city, and converted it into an impreg- 

 nable fortress, stationing there the army which 

 had taken part in the campaign against the 

 Dardanelles. In 1916, after King Constantino 

 had refused to give moral support to the allied 

 cause, Premier Venizelos and his forces set up 

 a provisional government in the city. On the 

 downfall of the king, in June, 1917, this pro- 

 visional government was merged with the legal 

 government of united Greece, and Saloniki re- 

 turned to normal conditions. On August 20, 

 of the same year, a great fire destroyed much 

 of the business section and rendered nearly 60,- 

 000 people homeless. It was planned to rebuild 

 at once. Population, 1913, about 160,000. 



SAL'SIFY. See OYSTER PLANT. 



SALT. As a seasoner and preserver of food 

 salt has been used from earliest times in nearly 

 all parts of the world, and the value placed 

 upon it is closely associated with man's advance 

 from savage and nomadic conditions of life to 

 those of a higher civilization. 



Chemically, salt is chloride of sodium, that 

 is, a compound of chlorine and sodium; in 

 mineralogy it is known as halite. The sources 

 of supply are the oceans and salt lakes, salt 

 mines and brine springs. 



Sea Salt. At one time almost all of the com- 

 mon salt of commerce was produced by the 

 evaporation of sea water, and considerable 

 quantities are still obtained in this way from 

 San Francisco Bay, Great Salt Lake and tin 

 waters along the seaboard countries of Southern 

 Europe. Portugal produces over 250,000 tons 

 annually, and France between 250,000 and 300,- 

 000 tons each year. The "Salzgarten" of Aus- 

 tria, which are rectangular basins surrounded by 

 sea walls, where the sea water clarifies, settles 

 and evaporates, annually produce between 70,- 

 000 and 100,000 tons of sea salt. 



Since there are about time-eighths of a 

 pound of salt in each gallon of sea water, it 

 has been estimated that tin- entire ocean if 

 dried up would yield about 4,419,300 cubic 

 miles of rock salt, about fourti < n and one-half 

 times the bulk of the entire continent of Eu- 

 rope, mountains and all. Of the larger seas, the 

 rs of the Mediterranean and Caribbean 



