SANTA ANA 



5196 



SANTA BARBARA 



SAN'TA AN 'A, in Spanish, sahn ' tah ah'nah, 

 CAL., the county seat of Orange County, is in 

 the southwestern part of the state thirty-three 

 miles southeast of Los Angeles and ninety-two 

 miles northwest of San Diego. It is on the 

 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe and Southern 

 Pacific railroads, and has electric service to the 

 beaches and to Los Angeles. In 1910 the popu- 

 lation was 8,429; it was 10,627 (Federal esti- 

 mate) in 1916. The area is nine square miles. 

 Prominent buildings include the fine county 

 court hou- .11, a number of churches of 



architectural merit, the Polytechnic High 

 School and Carnegie Library. Santa Ana 'has 

 sugar-beet factories, packing houses, a cannery 

 and an iron and brass foundry, and there is an 

 important trade in fruit. A settlement made 

 here in 1869 was incorporated as a city in 1886. 



SANTA ANNA, sahn' tah ah'nah, ANTONIO 

 LOPEZ DE (1795-1876), a Mexican soldier and 

 statesman, who is closely associated with the 

 early, varying fortunes of the Mexican republic, 

 was born at Jalapa, in the province of Vera 

 Cruz. Entering the colonial (Mexican) army 

 of Spain as a cadet in 1810, he served as a sup- 

 porter of the Spanish government till 1821, 

 when he joined Iturbide in the effort to throw 

 off the sovereignty of Spain. Iturbide made 

 Santa Anna brigadier and governor of Vera 

 Cruz, and this office he held until 1835. 



Meanwhile, he figured variously as a sup- 

 porter of Iturbide, then as his conqueror, and 

 later as a follower of Guerrero, who overthrew 

 President Pedroza. In 1829, as Minister of War 

 and commander-in-chief of the army, he de- 

 feated the Spanish army which was attempting 

 to restore the power of Spain, and ended the 

 effort to reestablish European authority in 

 Mexico. His next move was to overthrow the 

 government of President Bustamente, and on 

 November 12, 1832, he defeated the latter at 

 Casas Blancas. In the following February 

 Santa Anna was chosen President, and though 

 previous to this time, he had figured as a sup- 

 porter of federalism, he forthwith abolished the 

 Federal constitution and entered into relations 

 with the monarchists. Insurrections followed 

 and in 1835 Texas decided to revolt from Mexi- 

 can authority and establish its own government. 

 Santa Anna hastened to suppress this move- 

 ment, attacking San Antonio early in 1836 and 

 capturing the Alamo in March. But the Mexi- 

 can army was defeated the next month at San 

 Jacinto by Gen. Samuel Houston, and Santa 

 Anna was taken prisoner. The Texans agreed 

 to spare his life, and he left the country. 



In November, 1838, Santa Anna defended 

 Vera Cruz against the attack of the French, 

 losing a leg in the battle, but increasing his 

 popularity. In 1841 he was made military dic- 

 tator, ruling thus till June, 1844, when he was 

 elected constitutional President. In Novem- 

 ber, however, a rebellion was led by Paredes, 

 and Santa Anna was defeated and banished. 

 When war with the United States broke out in 

 1846, he was recalled and placed in command 

 of the army. After the occupation of Mexico 

 by Gen. Scott, Santa Anna resigned. In 1853, 

 he was once more reinstated at President, but 

 at the end of two years was again overthrown, 

 and took refuge in Cuba.- During the French 

 invasion of Mexico in 1864 he attempted to 

 return home, but was not permitted to do so 

 until after Maximilian was killed and Juarez 

 had died. He died in Mexico City in obscurity. 



Santa Anna had a longer public career than 

 any other Mexican politician excepting Por- 

 firio Diaz. He was personally a man of great 

 courage and an able soldier, but he was a mas- 

 ter of intrigue, and of unstable principles. 



Read TEXAS, subhead History, in addition to 

 reference above. Santa Anna's relations with 

 the United States are noted in the routine history 

 of the Mexican War, beginning with the causes 

 of that struggle. Benton's Thirty Years' View 

 throws light on his character. 



SANTA BARBARA, san'ta bahr'bara, CAL., 

 the county seat of Santa Barbara County, 104 

 miles northwest of Los Angeles. It is on the 

 Santa Barbara Channel opposite the islands of 

 Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz, and is ideally lo- 

 cated in a valley of the Santa Ynez Mountains 

 opening out to the sea. Owing to the shelter of 

 the mountains and the effect of the ocean, the 

 climate is mild and healthful. The natural 

 vegetation has been enriched with specimens 

 from every part of the world; roses grow in 

 profusion. The city is served by the Southern 

 Pacific Railroad. In 1915 its population was 

 14,332, an increase of 2,673 since 1910. 



The surrounding region is agricultural, and 

 the city has stock-raising and fruit-growing in- 

 terests and large lemon-packing establishments. 

 Near by is the old Santa Barbara Mission, 

 founded by Junipero Serra in 1786, which, with 

 its refectory, dormitory and lovely old garden, 

 is still occupied by Franciscan monks. Promi- 

 nent features are the Federal building, com- 

 pleted in 1914, a Carnegie Library (built in 

 1916), the State Normal School of Manual 

 Arts, Saint Anthony's College, a courthouse, 

 city hall, Saint Francis and Cottage hospitals, 

 a Y. M. C. A. building, hotels and parks. 



