SANTIAGO 



5200 



SANTIAGO DE CUBA 



route between the East and West. The city 

 is a distributing center, has some trade in 

 filigree jewelry, Indian blankets and wool, and 

 has stock-raising and mining interests. The 

 Spaniards who settled here in 1606 worked gold 

 and silver mines in the neighborhood. The 

 settlement was captured by Indians in 1682, 

 and they occupied it until 1693, when it was 

 retaken by the Spanish. United States troops 

 under General S. W. Kearny took possession in 

 1846. Five years later it became a city and 

 was made capital of the Territory of New 

 Mexico. N.E.S. 



Consult Powell's Historic Towns of the Western 

 States. 



SANTIAGO, sahnteah'go, the largest city 

 of Chile, the capital of the republic and also 

 of the province of Santiago, is picturesquely 

 situated in a valley between the Andes and the 

 Chilean coast range. It is sixty-eight miles 

 southeast of Valparaiso, its port on the Pa- 

 cific, and is built on the bank of a small 

 branch of the Maipo River. Among several 

 hills within the city itself is Santa Lucia, a 

 steep elevation of red porphyry which has 

 been converted into a public pleasure ground. 

 On this crag the early Spanish settlers were 

 besieged for six years by savage Araucanian 

 Indians. Though the city lies in an arid re- 

 gion, by means of irrigation there are luxu- 

 riant growths of trees and flowers, and the 

 Santa Lucia is but one of several large parks. 

 Running through the center of Santiago is one 

 of the handsomest boulevards on the South 

 American continent, with rows of poplars on 

 either side and many attractive statues. As a 

 whole the city has broad, well-paved streets, 

 and the newer buildings and private homes 

 compare favorably with those of other large 

 cities of the western world. 



Among the conspicuous structures are the 

 mint, the Hall of Congress, an imposing opera 

 house, a cathedral and the buildings of the 

 University of Chile, founded in 1743. Other 

 educational institutions include the National 

 Library, the National Museum, a botanical 

 garden, an observatory and several professional 

 schools. The city has excellent electric street- 

 car service, a modern water-supply system, and 

 railroad connections with Valparaiso, Concep- 

 tion and Buenos Aires. In 1914 it had a popu- 

 lation of 397,941, which is greater than that of 

 any other city on the Pacific slope of the two 

 Americas, with the exception of Los Angeles 

 and San Francisco. The city suffered severely 

 from a great earthquake in 1906. H.M.S. 



SANTIAGO, BATTLE OF, a naval battle fought 

 off Santiago de Cuba, on July 3, 1898, during 

 the Spanish-American War (which see). The 

 United States fleet, commanded by Sampson 

 and Schley, was unable to enter the harbor on 

 account of strong fortifications, and stood guard 

 before the entrance to prevent the escape of 

 the Spanish fleet under Admiral Cervera. On 

 July 3 the fleet attempted to make a dash from 

 the harbor, but was pursued by the American 

 squadron, and after a running fight six Span- 

 ish boats were destroyed or forced ashore. Ad- 

 miral Cervera and over 1,300 officers and men 

 were taken prisoners. The loss of life on the 

 Spanish vessels was large, but only one was 

 killed and only ten were wounded among the 

 men of the American fleet. 



SANTIAGO DE CUBA, sahnteah'go da 

 koo'bah, a seaport of the island of Cuba, capi- 

 tal of the province of Oriente. In size and 

 commercial importance it ranks next to Ha- 

 vana. In 1914 Santiago had a population of 

 62,358, as compared with 355,870 for Cuba's 

 largest city. The town is situated on the Bay 

 of Santiago, on the southeastern coast, and is 

 470 miles directly southeast of Havana, with 

 which it is connected by railway. Its fine, deep 

 harbor is five miles in length and has an aver- 

 age width of one and one-half miles. It is a 

 good example of a landlocked harbor, the 

 opening into the Bay of Santiago being in one 

 place only 200 yards wide. 



The city is situated on a slope at the base 

 of the Sierra Maestra Mountains. The main 

 business center is the Plaza de Cespedes, an 

 open square around which are some of the 

 principal buildings, including the cathedral and 

 the municipal building. The streets of the 

 city and all sanitary conditions were very un- 

 satisfactory until Cuba, with the help of the 

 United States, became an independent republic, 

 and American capital made paving and other 

 improvements possible. There are now in the 

 city modern hospitals, a theater and a market. 

 Most of the private dwellings are one story 

 high and crudely made, but they are often 

 made attractive by beautiful flower gardens. 



Santiago is an important shipping center, ex- 

 porting from the rich territory of Oriente a 

 great deal of iron ore (50,000 tons to the 

 United States each month) and other minerals, 

 such as copper and manganese. The agricul- 

 tural exports are sugar, coffee and tobacco. 

 The iron mines of the district are very rich and 

 employ over 4,000 workmen. Some of the ore 

 is worked up at home in iron foundries. 



