SASKATOON 



5218 



SATELLITE 



65.500 square miles. The waters of this stream 

 are less important for navigation than those 

 of the north branch, but are cf untol J value for 

 irriration (sec the article ALBERTA, subhead 

 Irrigat ion). w .F .z . 



SASKATOON', a city in Saskatchewan, in 

 the central part cf the province. It is situated 

 on the South Saskatchewan River, on the main 

 line of the Grand Trunk Pacific, and on 

 branches of the Canadian Pacific and Canadian 

 Northern railways. It is 311 miles by the 

 shortest route southeast of Edmonton, 163 

 miles northwest of Regina, 400 miles northeast 

 of Calgary and 467 miles northwest of Winni- 

 peg. The city takes its name from a small 

 shrub and its berry, called saskatoon by the 

 Blackfoot Indians and also known as service 

 berry or June berry. Saskatoon was founded 

 in 1890, but as late as 1901 was merely a vil- 

 lage of a hundred people. It was incorporated 

 as a city in 1906, and adopted commission gov- 

 ernment in 1910. Population, 1911 Dominion 

 census, 12,004; 1911 civic census, 18,006; in 

 1916, estimated, 25,000. 



Saskatoon is one cf the most important cities 

 in the Canadian West. It is at once a railway 

 center and a commercial and manufacturing cen- 

 ter of the first rank. It has over 200 wholesale 

 houses and numerous retail establishments. It 

 is a large shipper of wheat, and has one of the 

 great interior elevators (capacity 3,500,000 

 bushels) erected by the Dominion government. 

 One of its largest manufacturing establishments 

 is the mill of the Quaker Oats Company; this 

 has a daily capacity of 1,200 barrels of flour and 

 350 barrels of oats. Ironworking and the manu- 

 facture of bedding and garments are other im- 

 portant industries. The city owns and operates 

 all its public utilities, including waterworks, 

 electric light and power system, and electric 

 street railway. 



Saskatoon is the seat of the University of 

 Saskatchewan (which see), and also has a pro- 

 vincial normal school (established in 1912), a 

 collegiate institute, Presbyterian College (es- 

 tablished in 1912 and opened in 1914) and 

 Emmanuel College, an Anglican theological 

 school. Emmanuel College was founded at 

 Prince Albert in 1879, but was removed to 

 Saskatoon in 1909. In addition to. the splendid 

 buildings of these institutions special mention 

 must also be made of the post office, erected in 

 1908 at a cost of $50,000, the many large public 

 schools, four of which cost 8150,000 each, and 

 the Canada building, completed in 1913 at a 

 cost of $600,000. Saskatoon is the seat of a 



judicial district, and has a Dominion land of- 

 fice and land-titles office. A.MCG.Y. 



SASSAFRAS, sas'ajras, a tree cf the laurel 

 family whose aromatic bark yields an oil used 

 in flavoring medicine. Drus stores sometimes 

 sell the bark itself to people who wish to make 

 the spring tonic known as "sassafras tea." A 

 sticky substance, obtained from the leaves and 

 twigs, is used in the Southern United States to 

 flavor gumbo soups. The tree is found from 

 Southern Vermont to Florida and Texas, and 

 west as far as Kansas. It is usually from thirty 



SASSAFRAS LEAVES 

 Showing variations in form. 



to fifty feet high, though along roadsides it 

 often grows merely as a shrub. In autumn 

 the tree is strikingly beautiful, because of its 

 rich gold and scarlet foliage. The leaves are 

 of three different shapes, ovate, two-lobed and 

 three-lobed, and all three kinds are found on 

 one twig. The flowers are yellow and the fruit 

 a dark blue berry. Sassafras wood is strong 

 and lieht and is used in making posts and rails. 

 SATELLITE, sat' elite, a word derived 

 from the Latin satelles, meaning an attendant. 

 In astronomy the term is used to describe a 

 celestial body revolving around a planet. The 

 moon is a satellite of the earth; it revolves 

 round the earth and attends or follows the 

 earth in its journey round the sun. Saturn, 

 Jupiter, Mars, Uranus and other planets also 

 have satellites which revolve round them as 

 the moon revolves round the earth. In the 

 case of the moon it is considered that this 

 satellite was formerly a part cf the earth, be- 

 ing thrown off into space and held there by 

 the attraction of the sun and the earth; the 

 same theory (nebular hypothesis) accounts for 

 the formation of the other satellites. 



