SCHLEY 



5231 



SCHLIEMANN 



which is all lowland, dikes have been built to 

 shut off the sea. Chief among the rivers is the 

 Elbe, which bounds the province on the south. 



The people are engaged chiefly in farming, 

 the important crops being wheat, rye, oats, 

 barley, hay and vegetables. Horses and cat- 

 tle are raised in great numbers; the cattle of 

 Schleswig-Holstein have a world-wide reputa- 

 ( tion. Commercially the province is one of the 

 most important in Germany. It is crossed by 

 the famous Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, and the port 

 of Kiel was the foremost naval station of the 

 former empire. Kiel, Altona and Flensburg are 

 all important shipping centers. 



Schleswig and Holstein were wrested from 

 Christian IX of Denmark in 1864, by Austria 

 and Prussia, and the two duchies became a 

 part of Prussia in 1866 at the close of the 

 Seven Weeks' War. Final settlements after the 

 War of the Nations may give a part of this ter- 

 ritory back to Denmark. 



Related Subjects. The reader who is inter- 

 ested in Schleswig-Holstein Is referred to the fol- 

 lowing articles in these volumes : 

 Altona Germany, subtitle 



Bismarck-SchOnhausen, History 



Prince Jutland 



Denmark, subhead Kaiser Wilhelm Canal 



History Kiel 



Seven Weeks' War 



SCHLEY, sli, WINFIELD SCOTT (1839-1911), 

 an American naval officer, commander of the 

 expedition which rescued the Arctic explorer 

 Greely, and senior officer in command at the 

 Battle of Santiago, was born in Frederick 

 County, Md. He 

 entered the Naval 

 Academy in 1856, 

 and was gradu- 

 ated four years 

 later. During the 

 years 1860-1861 he 

 was on duty in 

 China and Japan, 

 and the next 

 year, with the 

 rank of lieuten- 

 ant, took part in 

 the Mississippi 

 River campaign 

 under Farragut, his first service in the War of 

 Secession. Schley was executive officer on the 

 gunboat Wateree, and was advanced to the rank 

 of lieutenant-commander in 1866. He then filled 

 a position as instructor in the Naval Academy 

 for three years. The rank of commander was 

 given him in 1874. 



WINFIELD SCOTT SCHLEY 



When the third expedition for the rescue of 

 the Arctic explorer, Greely, was sent out in 

 1884, Schley was given charge of it, and after 

 cruising through 1,400 miles of ice, effected 

 Greely's rescue; in recognition of this service 

 he received a gold medal. In 1886 he published 

 a book entitled The Rescue of Greely, and two 

 years later was advanced to the rank of cap- 

 tain. While in command of the Baltimore at 

 Valparaiso (1889-1892) several members of his 

 crew were killed by natives. Schley negotiated 

 the difficulty, obtaining an apology and an in- 

 demnity of $75,000 from the Chilean govern- 

 ment. Later he was selected to convey the body 

 of John Ericsson, inventor of the Monitor, to 

 Sweden, and while there was presented with a 

 gold medal by the king. In 1898, Schley, then 

 a commodore, was selected to take charge of 

 the flying squadron in the Spanish-American 

 War. During the temporary absence of Rear- 

 admiral Sampson, Schley on the Brooklyn di- 

 rected the Battle of Santiago, destroying the 

 entire Spanish fleet, for which he was promoted 

 to the rank of rear-admiral. In the contro- 

 versy which followed this engagement he was 

 declared by some to have been the real victor, 

 but by others was charged with "irregularities," 

 and at his request a court of inquiry was ap- 

 pointed. The report, though not wholly favor- 

 able to him, recommended that no action be 

 taken. 



Schley was one of the commissioners selected 

 to direct the evacuation of Porto Rico; in 1899 

 the command of the South Atlantic squadron 

 was given him; but in 1901, in his sixty-second 

 year he withdrew from active service. See 

 SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR. M.R.T. 



SCHLIEMANN, shle'mahn, HEINRICH (1822- 

 1890), a German archaeologist who made valu- 

 able contributions to the world's knowledge of 

 early Grecian civilization. When very young 

 he shipped as a cabin-boy on board a boat 

 bound for Venezuela. The ship was wrecked, 

 but Schliemann was rescued and taken to Am- 

 sterdam, where he busied himself in acquiring 

 a knowledge of the principal European lan- 

 guages. He amassed a fortune as a tradesman 

 and retired from business in 1864 in order to 

 devote his entire time to archaeological inves- 

 tigations in the East. In 1870 he began the 

 work of excavating the ruins which he believed 

 to be the site of ancient Troy, and he con- 

 tinued this work, with interruptions, until the 

 year of his death. The Greek courts com- 

 pelled him to pay $10,000 for the collections he 

 had gathered. These he presented to the Folk- 



