VUl 



CONTENTS. 



PART II. 

 IMPROVEMENT OP OPEN RIVERS. 



CHAPTER I. 



KBMOTAL Or BARS AND OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS. 



MM 



4' 

 4 



Desiderata. 

 Expedient* 



Gates. . ...................... 4J 



Screw*. ................................ 4 



Scraper* ......... ................... 43 



Jets ........................ 44 



Dredging ...................................... 44 



Type* of Dredges ........................... 44 



Dipper ................................ 44 



Clam-shell ............ '. ................. 45 



Combination ............................. 45 



Elevator .................................. 45 



Rock ..................................... 46 



1 1 v. Iraulir ............................... 46 



Mississippi River Dredging ................... 46 



Location of Chute ....................... 47 



Operation ................................ 47 



Dimensions of Dredge ................... 47 



Dredges fur Improved Rivers ................. 48 



Dynamite ..... ................... 48 



Snagging ................................ 49 



CMAl'lKR II. 



KEUUI.AMIZATION. 



Thc*ir\ 



General 



Applicability. 



CHAPTER III. 



DIKES ANIi TIIKIK KFPI 



5 

 5" 



5* 



Types 



..................... v> 



. 5<j 



Longitudinal Dikes ............. 59 



Submerged Spurs ..... .60 



M.itcri.ils ............ 63 



ions ..................................... 64 



truction .................................. 64 



Closing Dikes ............................... 65 



CHAI'TKR IV. 



1-KoTH TION OP RANKS. 



Olij. . ' ...... .............. 67 



Character and Kinds .^ ...................... 67 



Ci ns'njrt'on 7 1 



Spur Revetments 73 



Bank Heads.. 74 



CHAPTER V. 



LEVERS. 



History 75 



Location 76 



Section 77 



Height 81 



Materials 8a 



Const ruetion 85 



Muck-ditch 86 



Banquettes 88 



Protection 88 



Maintenance 89 



Drainage of Inner Basin 94 



Influence on Flood Heights 95 



Efficiency 97 



Cost 98 



1'orcign Levees 98 



River Po 98 



River Theiss 99 



River Loire 100 



CHAPTER VI. 



STORAGE RKSKKVOIRS. 



General 101 



Natural Reservoirs 102 



Artificial Reservoirs 105 



E fleets on Floods 108 



Rhone River 1 10 



Garonne River 114 



Loire River 115 



The Floods of the Mississippi and Missouri 118 



CHAPTER VII. 



IMPROVEMENT OP RIVER OUTLETS. 



Formation of Bars 122 



Principles Governing Tidal and Non-tidal Outlets 122 



Methods of Improvement 125 



Materials ^27 



Results 127 



Mississippi Jetties 129- 





