APPENDIX B. 299 



5. Foundations.^The foundation and cellar walls, chimney bases, and piers shall 

 be built of brick, upon footing courses of concrete 12 inches deep, extending in every 

 direction 4 inches beyond the base of the brick-work. 



The top of the concrete footings for the foundation walls, chimney bases, and piers 



shall in no case be less than inches below the finished grade line of the house lot, 



and the cellar walls shall extend feet above the tops of their concrete footings. 



The outhouse sills shall rest on brick piers, as hereinafter specified. Suitable 

 openings with standard cast-iron gratings shall be provided in foundation walls and 

 for windows in cellar wall. 



6. Concrete. All cement shall be Portland. The footing courses under walls, chim- 

 neys, and piers, together with the cellar floor and the porch steps, shall be composed 

 of cement concrete, mixed in the proportion of one barrel of cement, two barrels of 

 clean sand, and four barrels of clean screened broken stone, of size to pass through a 

 i J-inch ring. The cement, sand, and broken stone must be satisfactory to the Engineer. 



The stone shall be spread upon a clean board platform, and thoroughly moist- 

 ened. The sand and cement must be thoroughly mixed while dry, and sufficient clean 

 water added to bring the mortar to the proper consistency. The mortar must be 

 immediately added to the stone, and the mass turned with shovels until properly 

 mixed. The concrete must be deposited and well rammed before the initial set of the 

 cement takes place. 



The cellar floor shall be given a slope for drainage as directed. It and the porch 

 steps shall be covered with a layer of cement mortar, i inch thick, composed of i 

 part of cement to 2 parts of sand, floated on before the concrete has set. The utmost 

 cleanliness will be required in mixing and placing the concrete and mortar. 



7. Brick-work, Cistern, and Chimneys. The foundation and cellar walls, piers, 

 vault, cistern, and chimneys shall be built in a workmanlike manner, of hard-burned 

 brick laid in cement mortar, as shown on the plans, and as directed. The cement 

 must be fresh and of quality similar to that used for the concrete, and the sand must 

 be clean and sharp, and both satisfactory to the Engineer. The mortar shall be mixed 

 in proportion of one of cement to two of sand by volume.* The bricks must be moist- 

 ened when laid. The exposed faces of walls, piers, and chimneys shall be of selected, 

 smooth, hard-burned brick, neatly pointed, and the tops of the chimneys shall be fin- 

 ished out as shown and be well flashed with best grade tin, painted two coats on both 

 sides. Flues shall be neatly pointed throughout, with a small trowel. A cast-iron 

 thimble, 7 inches in diameter, with tin cover, shall be set in the kitchen flue. Proper 

 wrought-iron arch bars shall be built in where required. 



The cistern shall be built of brick, one layer thick, laid flat and in a circle, the earth 



* If lime mortar is to be used, the proportions should be i of lime to 2 1 or 3 of sand, and 

 the lime should be specified as " fresh and of the best quality." It is preferable, however, to use 

 cement throughout, and Portland is to be preferred to natural, if the small extra expense is not an 

 objection. 



