APPENDIX B. 3IS 



(Note.li the foundation is to be of piles, the following specification may be used: 

 The piles must be of hardwood, not less than 10 inches in diameter at the small 

 end, nor less than 14 inches at the butt. They must be sound, straight, and cut from 

 live trees, and have all bark removed. They shall be driven to bed-rock, at the 

 designated distances apart, and shall be framed, capped, and floored in a workmanlike 

 manner as shown on the drawings. Where the heads are to be imbedded in concrete 

 the tops shall be sawed off square at the required height, and the surrounding material 

 shall be excavated to grade and heavily rammed where practicable. Broomed or 

 injured pile-heads will not be permitted in the finished work. 



Sheet-piling shall be of sound, well-sawed, white-oak plank, free from defects liable 

 to injure its durability, and must be carefully driven so as to form a wall as tight as 

 practicable. Any pile that shall be injured in driving must be replaced with a sound 

 one to the satisfaction of the Engineer, and without expense to the United States. 

 This piling must be driven down to and be cut off as shown on the drawings. 



Payment for the round piles will be made by the lineal foot, and for the sheet- 

 piling, caps, and flooring, per thousand feet board measure, all lengths being taken 

 as those of the pieces specified on the drawings or required to conform thereto.* 



Round piles will be classified as "Piling," and sheet-piling, caps, and flooring, as 

 "Timber in Permanent Construction.") 



CONCRETE. 



31. Proportions. All concrete shall be made with Portland cement. The propor- 

 tion of the ingredients shall in general be one part of cement, parts of sand, and 



parts of gravel or broken stone, all measured by loose volume. f Accurate methods 



of measurement must be employed, with boxes or otherwise, so as to secure the proper 

 proportions for each batch, but the proportion must be varied when so directed by 

 the Engineer. 



32. Cement. The cement will be furnished in cloth sacks t by the United States, 



and will be delivered to the contractor on the cars at , from which 



place he shall transport it without delay to the cement house, and store it there, each 

 car-load being kept separate, to a height not to exceed 5^ feet. It will be issued to 

 him from the shed at such times and in such quantities as the needs of the work may 

 require. The cost of all hauling and handling must be included in his price bid for 

 "Concrete." He will be held responsible for the cement after he has been notified of 

 its arrival, until he has placed it in the storehouse, and must protect it from deteriora- 

 tion. Demurrage charges, occurring through the negligence or fault of the contractor, 

 together with the cost of any cement, or any sacks lost or damaged while in his hands, 



* See note to paragraph 14. 

 fSee Part III. Chap. II., " Proportions." 



t Paper bags are only satisfactory when cement is to be used as fast as delivered and when the distance 

 shipped is short. Barrels are often specified when cement is to be held over winter in a damp climate. 



