4 COALKIKLDS AND COLLIKHIKS OK AUSTRALIA. 



The special conditions that went to form one seam may 

 be expected to recur, though possibly not in the same degree. 

 We rarely find a solitary seam of coal in a series of rocks 

 forming the coal measures, but we often find several seams of 

 various thicknesses and various distances apart. 



The following are the commonest typical fossils of Aus- 

 tralian coal measures: Permo-carboniferous. Plants. Glos- 



Fig. 4. Martiniopsis subradiata. 



sopteris browniana (Fig. 1). Vertebraria. Gangamopteris, 

 spathulata (Fig. 2), Noeggerathiopsis hislopi, Sphenoptcris 

 lobifolia, Phyllothcca australis (Fig. 3), Inverterbrates. Mar- 

 ti-niopsis subradiata (Fig. 4), Spirifera tasmaniensis, Spirifcra 

 vcspcrtilio' (Fig. 5) Productus bracJiytliacms (Fig. 6), Dic- 

 lasnia hastata, Eurydesma cordata (Fig. T), Chaenomva ctlic- 



Fig. 5. Spirifera vespertilio. 



ridgci (Fig. 8), Deltopecten illawarrensis, Pleurophorus 



gregarius, Platyscliisnia oenluui (Fig. 9), Conularia inoruata, 

 Goniatitcs inicroinphaiiis, StenopOYQ crinita. Zaphrentis caino- 

 don, Tripracliiocrinns. 



Lower Mesozoic. Plants. Tacniopteris daintrcci '< (Fig. 

 Thinnfeldia odontopteroides (Fig. 10), Sphcnoptcris 

 australis (Fig. 12), Podosainites lanccolatiu (Fig. 11). 



