J98 COALFIELDS AND COLLIERIES OF AUSTRALIA. 



matically by the skips entering: and leaving it, but will also 

 be under tlie control of a brakesman. This tippler, which is- 

 12ft. Sin. in diameter, will not tip more coal per hour than 

 three of the present sort, but will do so at a slower speed,, 

 with less dam acre to the coal. 



Fig. 122. Tippler. 



There are two classes of trucks employed to convey coal- 

 to the jetty, viz., the "black truck" and the "hopper truck," 

 The former gets its name from the fact that it is tarred, in 

 contradistinction to the hopper truck, which is painted red. 

 The black truck is sometimes known as "Hudson's/' after 

 Hudson Bros., of the Clyde engineering works, who used to 

 make them. They are box-shaped (Fig. 123), and have an end 

 door. This door swings from the top, and is kept closed by 

 two latches at the bottom; these latches can be opened, either 

 by hand, or automatically by a cam-shaped lever which is 

 pushed up by a bar on the tipplers, thereby releasing the door. 

 It was found that cast-steel wheels did not last so well as- 

 built up wheels, which are now used. In the recently made 

 trucks the axles are lubricated by a pad placed in the axle 

 box, as seen in the figure, the protecting slide of which is 

 shown withdrawn. The brakes are worked by a hand lever 

 from one side. 



The hopper-shaped trucks are constructed to empty into 

 shoots over which they run, the coal dropping through bot- 

 tom gates. It is therefore not necessary that the body should 

 have lugs by which it can be lifted, as when loading with 

 cranes. 



