276 



COALFIELDS AND COLLIERIES OF AUSTRALIA. 



all the weight on the horses hips, and as the frame is stiff it 

 sticks out straight behind, and does not knock against the 

 horses legs like a chain might. The horses are stabled below 

 ground. The main and tail system of haulage is used to the 

 shaft, the present main haulage being 1J miles in, after which 

 it is fed by an auxiliary haulage. The main rope is 2 Jin. in 

 circumference, and the tail rope 2in. The main and tail rope 

 engine, made by Messrs. R. and J. Morison and Bearby, con- 

 sists of a pair of 16in. diam. cylinders with 2ft. 6in. stroke. A 

 clutch fixes one or other of the drums, while the other runs 

 loose. Signals are given to the engine driven by means of elec- 



Fig. 179. Water barrel and pump. 



trie bells. Safety lamps are used at this colliery, and when the 

 men are at work an iron rod about 5ft. high, stepped into a 

 wooden support, is used to hang the lamps on two crooks be- 

 ing arranged at the top, and one near the bottom. 



Water pipes, with stand pipes about every 40 yards, are 

 laid along the main roadways. In pillar work, since a good 

 deal of dust accumulates in the bords, the shot-firer sprays the 

 neighbourhood before firing. Monobel is the explosive used. 

 The apparatus used consists of a barrel placed on its side 

 on a trolley, to which it is strapped (Fig. 170). Water 

 is forced out of it by a hand pump mounted on the end of the 

 trolley, and to which a short length of hose is attached with a 



